ABSTRACT

The present study investigated the effects of applying organic amendments and biodynamic preparations on phenological attributes, fruit set, fruit drop, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). There were eleven treatments; T₁: farmyard manure (FYM); T₂: vermicompost (VC); T₃: pig manure (PIM); T₄: poultry manure (POM); T₅: neem cake (NC); T₆: FYM + cow pat pit (CPP) + biodynamic preparation (BD) 500 + BD 501; T₇: VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T₈: PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T₉: POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501; T₁₀: NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 and T₁₁: control (RDF). The results revealed that the use of combinations of organic amendments and biodynamic preparations influenced the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of the mandarin. Among different treatments, POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T₉) had the lowest number of days from flowering to fruit set and from fruit set to ripening. The same treatment also had the highest % fruit retention, lowest % fruit drop and highest number of marketable fruits. T₉ also resulted in the highest weight, length, diameter and volume of the fruit, the highest pulp weight, pulp thickness and pulp:peel ratio, lowest peel weight, highest juice content and second highest concentrations of reducing and total sugars. Hence, T₉ was considered an effective combination in terms of influencing the phenology, fruit drop, fruit set, yield and quality of Khasi mandarin.

摘要

本研究调查了应用有机改良剂和生物动力制剂对卡西柑（ Citrus reticulata Blanco）物候属性、坐果、落果、产量和品质的影响。有十一种治疗；T ₁：农家肥（FYM）；T ₂：蚯蚓粪（VC）；T ₃：猪粪（PIM）；T ₄：家禽粪便（POM）；T ₅：印楝饼（NC）；T ₆ : FYM + 牛拍坑 (CPP) + 生物动力制剂 (BD) 500 + BD 501；T ₇：VC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501；T ₈：PIM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501；T ₉：POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501；10 _{_}: NC + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 和 T ₁₁ : 对照 (RDF)。结果表明，有机改良剂和生物动力制剂的组合使用影响了柑橘的物候、落果、坐果、产量和品质。在不同处理中，POM + CPP + BD 500 + BD 501 (T ₉ ) 从开花到坐果和从坐果到成熟的天数最少。相同处理也具有最高的留果率、最低的落果率和最高的可销售果实数量。T ₉还导致果实的重量、长度、直径和体积最高，果肉重量、果肉厚度和果肉：果皮比最高，果皮重量最低，果汁含量最高，还原糖和总糖浓度第二高。因此，T₉被认为是影响哈西柑的物候、落果、坐果、产量和品质的有效组合。