OBJECTIVE Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is linked to disruptions in typical neurodevelopment of brain structures and functioning, including changes in executive functions. Although the relationships among ACEs, executive functions, and psychopathology are well documented in pediatric samples, a systematic review is needed to examine these relationships in adulthood. METHOD A systematic review examining the link between ACEs and executive functions among adult clinical and nonclinical samples was conducted across 33 scientific and grey literature databases. Among reviewed studies, 17 sources met review criteria, with 11 involving clinical samples and six involving nonclinical samples. RESULTS Among clinical samples, evidence suggested that ACEs increased risk for executive function difficulties among those diagnosed with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and those experiencing a first episode of psychosis, however not within those diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Among nonclinical samples, executive function difficulties associated with ACEs were found among those in early and middle adulthood. Not all retrieved sources showed consistent findings, and two studies described better executive function outcomes among those who experienced childhood sexual abuse and emotional abuse. CONCLUSIONS Executive function difficulties associated with ACEs appear to persist into adulthood, though inconsistently. Future research may further explore distinct differences among specific ACEs and executive function difficulties to further inform ongoing prevention and treatment efforts.

中文翻译：

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成人儿童逆境和执行功能结果的系统评价。

目标 暴露于不良童年经历 (ACE) 与大脑结构和功能的典型神经发育中断有关，包括执行功能的变化。尽管 ACE、执行功能和精神病理学之间的关系在儿科样本中得到了很好的记录，但需要进行系统评价来检查成年期的这些关系。方法 在 33 个科学和灰色文献数据库中进行了一项系统评价，检查成人临床和非临床样本中 ACE 与执行功能之间的联系。在审查的研究中，17 个来源符合审查标准，其中 11 个涉及临床样本，6 个涉及非临床样本。结果 在临床样本中，有证据表明，ACEs 增加了被诊断患有双相情感障碍、精神分裂症、创伤后应激障碍和首次精神病发作的人出现执行功能困难的风险，但在被诊断患有重度抑郁症的人中却没有。在非临床样本中，在成年早期和中期发现与 ACE 相关的执行功能困难。并非所有检索到的资料都显示出一致的发现，两项研究描述了那些经历过童年性虐待和情感虐待的人的执行功能结果更好。结论 与 ACE 相关的执行功能困难似乎会持续到成年期，尽管不一致。