This research tests the casual link from political ideology to national greenhouse gas emissions by utilizing multinational panel data covering 98 countries during the period 1990–2016. Overall, the baseline results and robustness tests show a political divide on national greenhouse gas emissions, whereby compared to right-wing governments, left-wing governments are more likely to exhibit less carbon dioxide emissions. We further explore this topic from the perspectives of energy efficiency and education. Three-stage OLS regressions suggest that leftist parties increase energy efficiency and spend more on secondary education, which lead to less greenhouse gas emissions. We also introduce the interaction between political ideology and economic performance as well as globalization to test the moderating effects of economic performance and globalization. The study further looks into the interaction effects of political ideology and democracies on greenhouse gas emissions by dividing the whole sample into two sub-samples. The results indicate that the ideology effect on greenhouse gas emissions varies among countries with different economic performances or different degrees of political globalization, as well as between democracies and non-democracies.

本研究利用 1990-2016 年期间覆盖 98 个国家的多国面板数据，检验了政治意识形态与国家温室气体排放之间的偶然联系。总体而言，基线结果和稳健性测试显示了国家温室气体排放的政治分歧，即与右翼政府相比，左翼政府更有可能表现出更少的二氧化碳排放量。我们从能源效率和教育的角度进一步探讨这个话题。三阶段 OLS 回归表明，左翼政党提高了能源效率并在中学教育上花费更多，从而减少了温室气体排放。我们还引入了政治意识形态与经济表现以及全球化之间的相互作用，以检验经济表现和全球化的调节作用。该研究通过将整个样本分为两个子样本，进一步研究了政治意识形态和民主制度对温室气体排放的相互作用影响。结果表明，意识形态对温室气体排放的影响在经济表现不同或政治全球化程度不同的国家之间以及民主国家和非民主国家之间存在差异。