Atomization by three circularly arranged impinging jets is investigated experimentally, considering both head-on and off-center impacts. A related experimental apparatus is established to capture and record the atomization process, both spatially and temporally, via a high-speed camera and a phase Doppler particle analyzer. The formed liquid sheets are interpreted and categorized as having either open or closed rims, and impact waves are shown quantitatively to be predominant in their fragmentation. The impact parameter B, quantifying the misalignment effect of the impinging jets, affects primarily the deflection of the liquid sheet and the spatial uniformity of the atomized droplets. For the size distribution of the atomized droplets, the probability density function is shown to be independent of B, but the droplet sizes in atomization will become more even with increasing Weber number. The probability density function with respect to the normalized droplet size is also analyzed and is found to fit well with a gamma distribution. Off-center impingement is shown to decrease the mean droplet size but hinder the spatial uniformity of atomization.

中文翻译：

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三个圆排射流雾化的空间结构和液滴分布

实验研究了三个圆形排列的撞击射流的雾化，同时考虑了正面和偏离中心的影响。建立了相关的实验装置，通过高速相机和相位多普勒粒子分析仪在空间和时间上捕捉和记录原子化过程。形成的液体片层被解释和分类为具有开放或封闭的边缘，并且冲击波在数量上显示在它们的破碎中占主导地位。量化撞击射流的错位效应的冲击参数 B 主要影响液层的偏转和雾化液滴的空间均匀性。对于雾化液滴的尺寸分布，概率密度函数与 B 无关，但是随着韦伯数的增加，雾化中的液滴尺寸会变得更大。还分析了关于归一化液滴大小的概率密度函数，发现它与伽马分布很好地拟合。偏心撞击显示减小了平均液滴尺寸，但阻碍了雾化的空间均匀性。