Fly and bottom ash (FABA) produced primarily from coal combustion in a coal-fired power plant consists of fine particles of the organic and inorganic mixture and trace elements. Eight FABA samples from coal-fired power plants in Java, Indonesia, had been collected for composition and rare earth element and Yttrium (REY) mode of occurrence identification. The geochemical composition of both major and trace elements was determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry/atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-MS/AES). Furthermore, the composition of FABA was identified by petrography with reflected light microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Simultaneously, scanning electron microscope determines the mode of occurrence of REY with an energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX). The study finds that the inorganic component of FABA consists of glass, Fe–Mg spinel, mullite, quartz, Fe-oxide mineral, and K-feldspar. In contrast, the organic component is dominated by unburned coal. Glass is the most abundant component with cenospheres as major and pleiospheres as minor constituents. Trace elements analysis indicates REY concentration with heavy REY (HREY) distribution pattern. Moreover, SEM–EDX analysis results show that Yttrium (Y) occurs in glass and has a low concentration in spinel. From the mode occurrence of REY, in particular Yttrium, it can be predicted that alkaline fusion followed by acid leaching will be the most appropriate extraction method to extract REY from Indonesian FABA.

主要由燃煤电厂的煤燃烧产生的飞灰和底灰 (FABA) 由有机和无机混合物的细颗粒和微量元素组成。收集了来自印度尼西亚爪哇燃煤电厂的 8 个 FABA 样品，用于成分和稀土元素以及钇 (REY) 的出现模式识别。主要和微量元素的地球化学成分通过电感耦合等离子体质谱/原子发射光谱 (ICP-MS/AES) 确定。此外，通过岩相学、反射光显微镜和 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 分析鉴定了 FABA 的组成。同时，扫描电子显微镜通过能量色散 X 射线 (SEM-EDX) 确定 REY 的发生模式。研究发现，FABA的无机成分由玻璃、铁镁尖晶石、莫来石、石英、氧化铁矿物和钾长石组成。相反，有机成分以未燃烧的煤为主。玻璃是最丰富的成分，主要成分为空心珠，次要成分为多珠。微量元素分析表明 REY 浓度与重 REY (HREY) 分布模式。此外，SEM-EDX 分析结果表明，钇 (Y) 存在于玻璃中，在尖晶石中浓度较低。从REY，特别是钇的出现模式可以预测，碱熔后酸浸将是从印度尼西亚FABA中提取REY的最合适的提取方法。玻璃是最丰富的成分，主要成分为空心珠，次要成分为多珠。微量元素分析表明 REY 浓度与重 REY (HREY) 分布模式。此外，SEM-EDX 分析结果表明，钇 (Y) 存在于玻璃中，在尖晶石中浓度较低。从REY，特别是钇的出现模式可以预测，碱熔后酸浸将是从印度尼西亚FABA中提取REY的最合适的提取方法。玻璃是最丰富的成分，主要成分为空心珠，次要成分为多珠。微量元素分析表明 REY 浓度与重 REY (HREY) 分布模式。此外，SEM-EDX 分析结果表明，钇 (Y) 存在于玻璃中，在尖晶石中浓度较低。从REY，特别是钇的出现模式可以预测，碱熔后酸浸将是从印度尼西亚FABA中提取REY的最合适的提取方法。