Artificial agriculture is promoted as an economically viable technology for developing plants under controlled conditions whereby light, water, and fertilizer intake are regulated in a controlled manner to produce maximum productivity with minimal resources. Artificial light has been used to produce high-quality vegetables because it can regulate plant growth and phytochemical production through light intensity, photoperiod, and spectrum modulation. This study aimed to compare the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) grown under artificial light with varying light intensities (75 and 150 µmol m−2 s−1), photoperiods (12:12 and 6:6:6:6 h), and wavelengths (blue, red, and magenta) to plants grown in a glasshouse under natural light. The novelty of this study lies in the manipulation of artificial LED lighting to achieve high-quality plant growth and phytochemical composition in B. rapa model vegetables for potential optimal productivity. The analysis revealed that B. rapa grown under artificial lights produced more consistent biomass yield and had a higher chlorophyll content than B. rapa grown under natural light (control). Plants grown under artificial lights have also been shown to produce biochemical compositions derived primarily from fatty acids, whereas plants grown under natural light have a biochemical composition derived primarily from alkanes. Twenty compounds were found to be statistically different between light treatments out of a total of 31 compounds detected, indicating that they were synthesized in response to specific light conditions. Exposure to the full artificial light spectrum (white) resulted in the absence of compounds such as dodecane and 2,6,10-trimethyltridecane, which were present in B. rapa grown in natural light, whereas exposure to the blue spectrum specifically induced the production of tetracosane. Eicosane, neophytadiene, l-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, and (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid were all prevalent compounds produced in B. rapa regardless of light conditions, and their absence may thus affect plant development and survival. The results show that cultivation under artificial light produced consistent biomass, high chlorophyll content, and phytochemical content comparable to natural light conditions (control). These findings shed light on how artificial light could improve the production efficiency and organoleptic qualities of Chinese cabbage.

中文翻译：

---

大白菜（Brassica rapa var. chinensis）对不同光照处理的生理生化反应

人工农业被推广为一种经济上可行的技术，用于在受控条件下开发植物，从而以受控方式调节光、水和肥料的摄入量，从而以最少的资源产生最大的生产力。人造光已被用于生产优质蔬菜，因为它可以通过光强度、光周期和光谱调制来调节植物生长和植物化学物质的产生。本研究旨在比较在不同光强（75 和 150 µmol m-2 s-1）、光周期（12:12 和 6:6）的人造光下生长的大白菜 (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) 的生理和生化反应:6:6 h）和波长（蓝色、红色和洋红色）在自然光下在温室中生长的植物。本研究的新颖之处在于操纵人工 LED 照明，以实现 B. rapa 模式蔬菜中的高质量植物生长和植物化学成分，从而实现潜在的最佳生产力。分析表明，在人造光下生长的油菜比在自然光下生长的油菜（对照）产生更一致的生物量产量和更高的叶绿素含量。在人造光下生长的植物也被证明产生主要来源于脂肪酸的生化成分，而在自然光下生长的植物具有主要来源于烷烃的生化成分。在检测到的总共 31 种化合物中，发现 20 种化合物在光处理之间存在统计学差异，这表明它们是根据特定的光照条件合成的。暴露于全人造光谱（白色）导致不存在十二烷和 2,6,10-三甲基十三烷等化合物，这些化合物存在于自然光下生长的油菜中，而暴露于蓝色光谱则特别诱导产生二十碳烷。无论光照条件如何，二十烷、新植二烯、L-(+)-抗坏血酸 2,6-二十六烷酸酯和 (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸都是油菜中普遍产生的化合物，并且因此，它们的缺失可能会影响植物的发育和生存。结果表明，人工光照下的培养产生了一致的生物量、高叶绿素含量和与自然光照条件（对照）相当的植物化学成分。