Physical activity (PA) decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among older adults, potentially leading to adverse consequences for their health. However, factors associated with reductions of PA during the pandemic have not been examined in a population-based sample of older adults. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the association of pre-pandemic physical, mental, social and lifestyle factors with reductions in PA in older adults during the first wave of COVID-19, and whether the associations differed by age and sex. A population-based sample of 624 participants aged 65-99 years were identified from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) COVID19 Study. Information on pre-pandemic factors was collected through clinical examinations, interviews, and self-administered questionnaires in 2016-2019. Changes in light and intense PA during the first wave of the pandemic (May-September 2020) were self-reported. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, stratified by age (<70 vs. >80 years) and sex. There was an association between pre-pandemic levels of higher depressive symptom burden (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.6, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.1-6.4, <70 years), and impaired balance (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.0-2.8, >80 years old) with reductions in light-intensity PA. Furthermore, the presence of musculoskeletal disease (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, <70 years; OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2-4.4, men), moderate/high levels of neuroticism (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.6, <70 years; OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5, women), and poor levels of social support (OR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.2-4.3, >80 years) were related to reductions in higher-intensity PA. Those who were current smokers (OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1-0.8, <70 years; OR: 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06-0.7, women), or had impaired balance (OR: 0.4, 95% CI: 0.2-0.8, >80 years) were less likely to reduce their levels of higher-intensity PA. For future pandemics or waves of COVID-19, development of strategies is warranted for older individuals with psychiatric- or physical illness/dysfunction, as well as those with poor social support to counteract reductions in physical activities.

中文翻译：

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第一次 COVID-19 爆发期间与瑞典老年人体力活动减少相关的因素：一项基于人群的纵向研究

在 COVID-19 大流行期间，身体活动 (PA) 减少，尤其是在老年人中，这可能会对他们的健康造成不利影响。但是，尚未在基于人群的老年人样本中检查与大流行期间 PA 减少相关的因素。因此，本研究的目的是探讨大流行前的身体、心理、社会和生活方式因素与第一波 COVID-19 期间老年人 PA 降低的关系，以及这些关联是否因年龄和性别而异。从瑞典国家 Kungsholmen 老龄化和护理研究 (SNAC-K) COVID19 研究中确定了 624 名年龄在 65-99 岁的参与者的基于人群的样本。2016-2019年通过临床检查、访谈、自填问卷等方式收集疫情前因素信息。自我报告了第一波大流行（2020 年 5 月至 2020 年 9 月）期间轻度和强烈 PA 的变化。使用多重逻辑回归模型分析数据，按年龄（<70 岁对 >80 岁）和性别分层。大流行前较高的抑郁症状负担水平（优势比（OR）：2.6，95% 置信区间（CI）：1.1-6.4，<70 岁）和平衡受损（OR：1.7，95%）之间存在关联CI：1.0-2.8，>80 岁），光强度 PA 降低。此外，存在肌肉骨骼疾病（OR：1.8，95% CI：1.1-2.9，<70 岁；OR：2.3，95% CI：1.2-4.4，男性），中度/高度神经质（OR：1.6， 95% CI：1.0-2.6，<70 岁；OR：2.2，95% CI：1.3-3.5，女性）和社会支持水平低（OR：2.2，95% CI：1.2-4.3，>80 岁）与高强度 PA 的减少有关。当前吸烟者（OR：0.3，95% CI：0.1-0.8，<70 岁；OR：0.2，95% CI：0.06-0.7，女性）或平衡能力受损（OR：0.4，95% CI： 0.2-0.8，>80 岁）降低其高强度 PA 水平的可能性较小。对于未来的大流行或 COVID-19 浪潮，有必要为患有精神疾病或身体疾病/功能障碍的老年人以及社会支持不足的人制定策略，以抵消身体活动的减少。