Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are conducted when clinical equipoise between treatment options exists. However, some RCTs in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer continue to use chemotherapy as the control arm several years after chemotherapy was proven inferior to anti-PD-1 antibodies. Here, we highlight why the justifications for using an inferior treatment in the control arm are invalid and offer solutions that are applicable across tumour types.

中文翻译：

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随机试验的控制组是否应该有有效期？

当治疗方案之间存在临床平衡时，会进行随机对照试验 (RCT)。然而，在化疗被证明不如抗 PD-1 抗体几年后，一些非小细胞肺癌患者的随机对照试验继续使用化疗作为对照。在这里，我们强调了为什么在对照组中使用劣质治疗的理由是无效的，并提供了适用于各种肿瘤类型的解决方案。