We analyzed the yield data of 2,070 rice hybrid F₁ genotypes with inbred local cultivars (ILCv) evaluated over 32 yr (from 1988 to 2019) in 2,376 multi-environment experiments executed at 102 locations in the irrigated ecosystem across India. The genetic gain or loss in yield of hybrid F₁ genotypes estimated over the test duration was nonsignificant. The differences were highly significant between the means of group of F₁ hybrid genotypes with yields higher than ILCvs in 985 experiments and the group of F₁ hybrid genotypes with yields lower than ILCvs in 962 experiments. Hybrids produced 10% more yield (728–2,588 kg ha^–1) than ILCvs in 672 experiments at several locations. Our analyses have established that grain yields of 7.0–7.9 Mg ha^–1, were harvested in hybrid F₁ genotypes with early- (110–120 d), mid-early- (121–130 d), and medium- (131–140 d) maturity duration, and in those with medium slender grains (130±5 d) at many locations in 374 out of the 985 experiments. A higher level of rice (Oryza sativa L.) productivity per day (62–63 kg ha^–1) was recorded with the early-maturing and mid-early-maturing hybrid genotypes. Both the hybrid F₁ genotypes and ILCvs produced grain yields (≥10 Mg ha^–1) similar to values that were recorded previously with commercial inbred cultivars since 1968 at many locations. The attainable grain yield records of ILCvs were not broken by the yields of hybrid F₁ genotypes. Hence the doubt arises whether there was any overestimation of hybrid genotypes or an underestimation of inbred yields. Therefore, any genetic gain or loss for grain yields in new genotypes developed in experiments can be estimated only when ILCvs produce their attainable yield recorded previously. There is scope for breeders to limit test locations to represent specific target areas to avoid data loss.

中文翻译：

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印度长期多环境试验中杂交水稻与自交品种的产量表现

我们分析了在印度灌溉生态系统的 102 个地点进行的 2,376 次多环境实验中，在 32 年（从 1988 年到 2019 年）中评估的 2,070 种水稻杂交 F _{1基因型的产量数据，其中近交本地品种 (ILCv) 进行了评估。在测试期间估计的杂交 F 1}基因型产量的遗传增益或损失是不显着的。在985个实验中产量高于ILCvs的F ₁杂种基因型组与962个实验中产量低于ILCvs的F ₁杂种基因型组的平均值之间的差异非常显着。杂交种产量增加 10%（728–2,588 kg ha ^–1) 在多个地点的 672 次实验中比 ILCvs。我们的分析已经确定，早（110-120 天）、中早（121-130 天）和中等_（^131- 140 d) 成熟期，在 985 次实验中的 374 次中，在许多位置具有中等细长晶粒 (130±5 d) 的那些。早熟和中早熟杂交基因型记录了更高水平的水稻（Oryza sativa L.）每天生产力（62-63 kg ha ^{-1 ）。}杂种 F ₁基因型和 ILCv 均产生谷物产量（≥10 Mg ha ^–1) 与自 1968 年以来在许多地方用商业自交品种记录的值相似。ILCvs 可达到的谷物产量记录没有被杂种 F ₁基因型的产量打破。因此，是否存在对杂交基因型的高估或对近交产量的低估存在疑问。因此，只有当 ILCv 产生先前记录的可达到的产量时，才能估计在实验中开发的新基因型中谷物产量的任何遗传增益或损失。育种者可以限制测试位置以代表特定目标区域，以避免数据丢失。