Orange-spotted grouper, ideal finfish for mariculture, is constrained by the non-availability of sufficient seeds due to lower inconsistent larval survival. The present study attempted to establish a reliable larval rearing technique. Larvae fed with un-enriched or enriched rotifers (screened or unscreened) did not survive beyond 13 days post-hatch (DPH). Subsequently, copepod (Parvocalanus crassirostris) nauplii were supplemented at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ml⁻¹, in addition to enriched and screened rotifers, with live feed density of 12 ml⁻¹, and this resulted in significantly improved survival at first feeding. Significantly higher (39.2%) larval survival on 16 DPH, with minimal size heterogeneity (13.13%), was observed in the group fed a combination of 2 copepod nauplii and 10 rotifers ml⁻¹. However, mass mortality was observed between 18 and 21 DPH; and consequently, adult P. crassirostris were supplemented at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ml⁻¹ from 16 DPH along with rotifers, Artemia nauplii and artificial feed. Significantly higher larval survival on metamorphosis (40 DPH) was observed in the groups fed with 0.75 (17.71%) and 1 ml⁻¹ (19.50%) P. crassirostris. Larval rearing protocol, with an average survival and length up to metamorphosis of 18.14% and 29.83 mm, respectively, during eleven cycles was developed. With consistent enhanced larval survival, the present study would facilitate mass scale seed production.

中文翻译：

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使用优化的饲养方案提高橙斑石斑鱼 (Epinephelus coioides) 的幼虫存活率

橙斑石斑鱼是理想的海水养殖有鳍鱼，但由于幼虫存活率较低，无法获得足够的种子，这限制了它。本研究试图建立一种可靠的幼虫饲养技术。用未富集或富集轮虫（筛选或未筛选）喂养的幼虫在孵化后 (DPH) 后不能存活超过 13 天。随后，除了富集和筛选的轮虫外，还以0、1、2、3 和 4 ml ^{-1补充桡足类 (} Parvocalanus crassirostris ) 无节幼体，活饲料密度为 12 ml ^-1，这导致第一次喂食时的存活率显着提高。^{在喂食 2 个桡足类无节幼体和 10 个轮虫 ml -1}组合的组中，观察到在 16 DPH 时幼虫存活率显着提高 (39.2%)，大小异质性最小 (13.13%) 。然而，在 18 至 21 DPH 之间观察到大量死亡率；因此，从 16 DPH 开始，以0、0.25、0.5、0.75 和 1 ml ^{-1的浓度对成年}P. crassirostris以及轮虫、卤虫无节幼体和人工饲料进行补充。^{在饲喂 0.75 (17.71%) 和 1 ml -1} (19.50%) P. crassirostris的组中观察到变态 (40 DPH) 的幼虫存活率显着提高. 开发了在 11 个周期内平均存活率和变态长度分别为 18.14% 和 29.83 毫米的幼虫饲养方案。随着幼虫存活率的持续提高，本研究将促进大规模种子生产。