Cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) is an integral membrane protein expressed mainly on different developmental stages of B lymphocytes and rarely on T lymphocytes, and it functions as a link to B cell antigen receptor (BCR) and immune microenvironment via regulating calcium ion influx, cell cycle progression and interaction between isotypic BCRs and their co-receptors. Diverse therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting CD20 are generated and grouped into two types based on the ability to redistribute CD20 into lipid rafts, which results in huge differences in response. Currently, multiple anti-CD20 mAbs have been approved as drugs for neurological and neuromuscular diseases with promising clinical efficacy. This review aims to summarize the potential mechanisms, development and current evidence for anti-CD20 therapy in neurological and neuromuscular diseases.

分化簇20（CD20）是一种整合膜蛋白，主要在B淋巴细胞的不同发育阶段表达，很少在T淋巴细胞上表达，通过调节钙离子内流作为连接B细胞抗原受体（BCR）和免疫微环境的纽带，同型 BCR 与其共受体之间的细胞周期进程和相互作用。根据将 CD20 重新分配到脂筏中的能力，产生了多种靶向 CD20 的治疗性单克隆抗体 (mAb)，并将其分为两种类型，这导致反应的巨大差异。目前，多种抗CD20单克隆抗体已被批准作为治疗神经和神经肌肉疾病的药物，具有良好的临床疗效。本综述旨在总结潜在的机制，