Introduction: This study aimed to estimate prevalence rates of mental health symptoms (anxiety, depression, and overall psychological distress) by tobacco smoking status, and associations between such symptoms and the level of dependence, motivation, and attempts to quit smoking in the German population. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data from six waves of a nationally representative household survey collected in 2018/19 (N = 11,937 respondents aged ≥18). Mental health symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-4. Associations with smoking status, dependence, motivation to quit, and ≥1 past-year quit attempt (yes/no) were analysed with adjusted regression models among the total group, and among subgroups of current (n = 3,248) and past-year smokers (quit ≤12 months ago, n = 3,357). Results: Weighted prevalence rates of mental health symptoms among current, former, and never smokers were: 4.1%, 2.4%, 2.5% (anxiety), 5.4%, 4.7%, 4.0% (depression), and 3.1%, 2.5%, 2.4% (psychological distress). Current versus never smokers were more likely to report symptoms of anxiety and depression. Smokers with higher versus lower levels of dependence were more likely to report higher levels of all three mental health symptoms. Higher versus lower levels of overall psychological distress were associated with a higher motivation to quit smoking and, among past-year smokers, with higher odds of reporting a past-year quit attempt. Conclusions: We found various relevant associations between mental health symptoms and smoking behaviour. Healthcare professionals need to be informed about these associations and trained to effectively support this vulnerable group in translating their motivation into abstinence.
Eur Addict Res

中文翻译：

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心理健康症状和与吸烟、依赖、动机和戒烟尝试的关联：德国人口调查的结果（DEBRA 研究）

简介：本研究旨在根据吸烟状况估计心理健康症状（焦虑、抑郁和整体心理困扰）的患病率，以及这些症状与德国人群的依赖程度、动机和戒烟尝试之间的关联. 方法：对 2018/19 年收集的全国代表性家庭调查的六波数据进行横断面分析（ N = 11,937 名年龄≥18 岁的受访者）。使用患者健康问卷 4 评估心理健康症状。使用调整回归模型在总组和当前（ n= 3,248）和过去一年的吸烟者（戒烟时间≤12 个月，n = 3,357）。结果：当前、以前和从不吸烟者的心理健康症状加权患病率分别为：4.1%、2.4%、2.5%（焦虑）、5.4%、4.7%、4.0%（抑郁）和 3.1%、2.5%， 2.4%（心理困扰）。当前吸烟者与从不吸烟者更有可能报告焦虑和抑郁症状。依赖程度较高或较低的吸烟者更有可能报告所有三种心理健康症状的水平较高。较高或较低水平的整体心理困扰与较高的戒烟动机相关，并且在过去一年的吸烟者中，报告过去一年戒烟尝试的几率较高。结论：我们发现了心理健康症状和吸烟行为之间的各种相关关联。医疗保健专业人员需要了解这些关联并接受培训，以有效地支持这一弱势群体将他们的动机转化为禁欲。
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