Persistent room temperature phosphorescence (pRTP) is important to high-resolution imaging independent of autofluorescence and the scattering of excitation light for security and imaging applications. Although efficient and bright pRTP is crucial to imaging applications, photophysical processes from the triple states of heavy-atom-free chromophores have been explained by making many assumptions that are potentially based on incorrect photophysical explanations. This often confuses researchers in their efforts to control and enhance the pRTP characteristics. This paper introduces recent advances in our understanding of photophysical processes from the lowest triplet excited state of heavy-atom-free chromophores based on statistical evidence from experimental and theoretical viewpoints. After the introduction of two photophysical processes showing persistent RT emissions and the characteristics of the persistent emissions, physical parameters relating to pRTP and appropriate techniques for measuring the parameters are explained. For molecularly dispersed heavy-metal-free chromophores in a solid state, recent understandings of the physical parameters verified by correlations from optically estimated and theoretical viewpoints are summarized. Using the photophysical insights obtained for the dispersed chromophores, uncertainties regarding the photophysical processes of aggregated chromophores are discussed. After highlighting recently developed materials showing efficient pRTP, the potential advantages of pRTP over previous persistent emissions are discussed considering recent demonstrations of persistent emitters. This review quantitatively summarizes the relationship between the molecular backbone and physical parameters of pRTP characteristics and guides the reader in their efforts to appropriately design materials with efficient pRTP and control long-lived triplet excitons for promising applications.

中文翻译：

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持续室温磷光和长寿命三重态激子的分子物理学

持续室温磷光 ( p RTP) 对于独立于自体荧光和激发光散射的高分辨率成像非常重要，可用于安全和成像应用。尽管高效和明亮的p RTP 对于成像应用至关重要，但已经通过做出许多可能基于不正确光物理解释的假设来解释来自无重原子发色团三重态的光物理过程。这常常使研究人员在控制和增强p的努力中感到困惑。RTP 特性。本文基于实验和理论观点的统计证据，介绍了我们从无重原子发色团的最低三重激发态理解光物理过程的最新进展。在引入两个显示持续 RT 排放和持续排放特征的光物理过程后，与p相关的物理参数解释了 RTP 和测量参数的适当技术。对于分子分散的固态无重金属发色团，总结了最近对光学估计和理论观点的相关性验证的物理参数的理解。利用对分散生色团获得的光物理见解，讨论了关于聚集生色团的光物理过程的不确定性。在强调了最近开发的显示有效p RTP 的材料之后，考虑到最近对持久性发射器的演示，讨论了p RTP 相对于先前持久性排放的潜在优势。本综述定量总结了分子骨架与物理参数之间的关系p RTP 特性并指导读者努力适当地设计具有有效p RTP 的材料并控制长寿命的三重态激子以实现有前景的应用。