Historical trauma is a relatively new concept in the literature, and investigations are needed to clarify its clinical aspects and develop instruments to measure its sequelae. The purpose of this study was to develop the Clinical Aspects of Historical Trauma Questionnaire (CAHTQ), which is meant to capture trauma sequelae in different contexts, and provide initial psychometric information. Participants were survivors of the genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda (N = 261) aged 32–87 years (M = 46.30 years, SD = 11.95) who completed a preliminary version of the CAHTQ, constructed based on theoretical and content-related consideration, as well as the International Trauma Questionnaire, Fatalism Scale, Public Health Depression Questionnaire, Brief Coping Inventory, Forgiveness Questionnaire, and Sentiment of Reconciliation Questionnaire to test the discriminant and convergent validity of the CAHTQ. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to reduce the number of items and extract factors; confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the measure's dimensionality. The final questionnaire includes 20 items and five subscales. The items demonstrated good internal consistency, Cronbach's α = .91, and the CFA demonstrated a very good fit of the model to the data, χ²(60, N = 261) = 271, CFI = .963 = , TLI = .956, SMRR = .052, RMSEA = .052. The CAHTQ was developed to capture the clinical aspects of historical trauma sequelae. Unlike comparable previously developed instruments, this questionnaire can be used for various historical traumas globally, and its suitability for this purpose will be the focus of future studies.

中文翻译：

---

卢旺达种族灭绝幸存者历史创伤问卷临床方面的开发和验证


历史创伤在文献中是一个相对较新的概念，需要进行研究以阐明其临床方面并开发测量其后遗症的仪器。本研究的目的是开发历史创伤临床方面问卷（CAHTQ），旨在捕获不同背景下的创伤后遗症，并提供初步的心理测量信息。参与者是卢旺达图西族种族灭绝 ( N = 261) 的幸存者，年龄 32-87 岁 ( M = 46.30 岁， SD = 11.95)，他们完成了 CAHTQ 的初步版本，该版本是根据理论和内容相关考虑构建的，以及国际创伤问卷、宿命论量表、公共卫生抑郁问卷、简要应对量表、宽恕问卷和和解情绪问卷，以测试 CAHTQ 的区分效度和收敛效度。进行探索性因素分析，减少项目数量，提取因素；进行验证性因素分析（CFA）以确认测量的维度。最终问卷包括20个项目和5个分量表。这些项目表现出良好的内部一致性，Cronbach's α = .91，CFA 证明模型与数据非常吻合，χ ² (60, N = 261) = 271，CFI = .963 = , TLI = .956 ，SMRR = .052，RMSEA = .052。 CAHTQ 的开发是为了捕捉历史创伤后遗症的临床方面。与之前开发的同类工具不同，该调查问卷可用于全球范围内的各种历史创伤，其对此目的的适用性将是未来研究的重点。