Calls to minimize greenhouse gas emissions and demands for higher energy efficiency continue to drive research into alternative cooling and refrigeration technologies. The caloric effect is the reversible change in temperature and entropic states of a solid material subjected to one or more fields and can be exploited to achieve cooling. The field of caloric cooling has undergone a series of transformations over the past 50 years, bolstered by the advent of new materials and devices, and these developments have contributed to the emergence of multicalorics in the past decade. Multicaloric materials display one or more types of ferroic order that can give rise to multiple field-induced phase transitions that can enhance various aspects of caloric effects. These materials could open up new avenues for extracting heat and spearhead hitherto unknown technological applications. In this Review, we survey the emerging field of multicaloric cooling and explore state-of-the-art caloric materials and systems (devices) that are responsive to multiple fields. We present our vision of the future applications of multicaloric and caloric cooling and examine key factors that govern the overall system efficiency of the cooling devices.

减少温室气体排放的呼声和对更高能源效率的需求继续推动对替代冷却和制冷技术的研究。热效应是固体材料经受一个或多个场的温度和熵状态的可逆变化，可用于实现冷却。在过去 50 年中，由于新材料和设备的出现，热量冷却领域经历了一系列转变，这些发展促成了过去十年多热量的出现。多热量材料显示出一种或多种类型的铁序，可产生多种场诱导相变，从而增强热量效应的各个方面。这些材料可以为提取热量开辟新途径，并引领迄今为止未知的技术应用。在这篇评论中，我们调查了多热量冷却的新兴领域，并探索了对多个领域做出响应的最先进的热量材料和系统（设备）。我们展示了我们对多热量和热量冷却的未来应用的愿景，并研究了控制冷却设备整体系统效率的关键因素。