Abstract

The review summarizes the most relevant microbiological characteristics that can serve as indicators of soil ecological functions: bioresource, phytosanitary, as well as the functions of carbon transformation and plant nutrition. The indices of diversity and taxonomic structure of microbial communities as well as abundance of certain groups of microorganisms are estimated to characterize the bioresource function of soils. The main microbiological indicators of carbon transformation are microbial biomass carbon, the ratio of bacterial to fungal biomasses, soil respiration, enzyme activities, and the rate of soil organic matter decomposition. The appropriate microbiological indicators of the plant nutrition function of soil are the enzyme activities associated with the nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, as well as molecular species-specific markers of arbuscular mycorrhiza. Gene abundances of phytopathogens and their antagonists can serve as indicators of soil phytosanitary function. Since a high variation of some characteristics and certain difficulties in their interpretation are currently the relevant problems in microbiological indication of soil functions, the key goal is a careful selection of the parameters with the best applicability as indicators of soil ecological functions.

中文翻译：

---

土壤生态功能的微生物指标：综述

摘要

该综述总结了可作为土壤生态功能指标的最相关微生物特征：生物资源、植物检疫以及碳转化和植物营养功能。估计微生物群落的多样性和分类结构以及某些微生物群的丰度指数来表征土壤的生物资源功能。碳转化的主要微生物指标是微生物生物量碳、细菌与真菌生物量的比值、土壤呼吸、酶活性和土壤有机质分解速率。土壤植物营养功能的适宜微生物指标是与氮磷循环相关的酶活性，以及丛枝菌根的分子物种特异性标志物。植物病原体及其拮抗剂的基因丰度可作为土壤植物检疫功能的指标。由于某些特征的高度变异和某些解释困难是目前土壤功能微生物指示的相关问题，关键目标是仔细选择具有最佳适用性的参数作为土壤生态功能的指标。