Row-column-NVM (RC-NVM) is a new architecture for emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM), such as ReRAM, PCM, and STT-RAM. It leverages the symmetry of crossbar structure and supports both row and column memory accesses. The new architecture is well fit for the applications with different access patterns which suffer from low efficiency and high-energy consumption in traditional memory architecture. However, existing hard failure defensive techniques for emerging NVM are inappropriate for RC-NVM. Therefore, the limited device endurance makes RC-NVM ephemeral and unreliable. In order to overcome this challenge, we propose a hybrid-grained remapping defensive technique to fight against hard failures. By hybrid-grained remapping, we can effectively avoid multiple reads issue of fine-grained remapping and low utilization issue of coarse-grained remapping and significantly increase RC-NVM lifetime with little performance loss. Moreover, motion vector and remap-aware write optimizations are also proposed to further improve RC-NVM reliability and degrade performance loss and energy consumption of write operation. An evaluation shows that the hybrid-grained remapping can increase the lifetime by 61.1% compared to single coarse-grained remapping with only 5% performance loss and 7% energy increase when 10% pages are mapped out. Optimizations can further improve lifetime, performance, and energy by 5%, 11.4%, and 30.5%, respectively.

中文翻译：

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一种针对行-列-NVM硬故障的混合粒度重映射防御方案


行列 NVM (RC-NVM) 是一种针对新兴非易失性存储器 (NVM) 的新架构，例如 ReRAM、PCM 和 STT-RAM。它利用交叉结构的对称性并支持行和列存储器访问。新架构非常适合具有不同访问模式的应用程序，这些应用程序在传统内存架构中存在效率低、能耗高的问题。然而，现有的针对新兴 NVM 的硬故障防御技术并不适合 RC-NVM。因此，有限的设备耐用性使得 RC-NVM 短暂且不可靠。为了克服这一挑战，我们提出了一种混合粒度重映射防御技术来应对硬故障。通过混合粒度重映射，我们可以有效避免细粒度重映射的多次读取问题和粗粒度重映射的低利用率问题，并在性能损失很小的情况下显着提高 RC-NVM 寿命。此外，还提出了运动矢量和重映射感知写入优化，以进一步提高RC-NVM可靠性并降低写入操作的性能损失和能耗。评估表明，与单一粗粒度重映射相比，混合粒度重映射可将寿命提高61.1%，映射10%页面时性能仅损失5%，能量增加7%。优化可进一步将寿命、性能和能耗分别提高 5%、11.4% 和 30.5%。