Research has established that certain forms of underemployment relate to poorer mental health, but no studies have examined which components of underemployment are uniquely related to mental health over time. To address this gap in the literature, we longitudinally examined how multiple subjective underemployment constructs (i.e., underpayment, status, involuntary temporary work, field, poverty-wage employment, involuntary part-time work, and overqualification) predicted symptoms of distress in a large sample of working adults in four waves over 9 months. We also identified group differences in underemployment. Results revealed that involuntary part-time work, involuntary temporary work, and poverty-wage employment fluctuated with distress over the course of the study, but only involuntary temporary work predicted greater symptoms of distress over time. Group differences also revealed that gender, age, level of education, and subjective social class predicted various forms of subjective underemployment. Findings encourage researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to consider involuntary temporary work as potentially harmful to mental health and inform the future examination of mental health inequities for marginalized groups. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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就业不足和心理健康：一项纵向研究。

研究已经确定，某些形式的就业不足与较差的心理健康有关，但没有研究检查过就业不足的哪些组成部分随着时间的推移与心理健康有独特的关系。为了解决文献中的这一差距，我们纵向研究了多种主观就业不足的结构（即工资不足、地位、非自愿临时工作、现场、贫困工资就业、非自愿兼职工作和资格过高）如何在一个大范围内预测痛苦的症状。在 9 个月内分四波工作的成年人样本。我们还确定了就业不足的群体差异。结果显示，在研究过程中，非自愿兼职工作、非自愿临时工作和贫困工资就业随着痛苦而波动，但只有非自愿的临时工作才能预测随着时间的推移会出现更大的痛苦症状。群体差异还表明，性别、年龄、教育水平和主观社会阶层预示着各种形式的主观就业不足。研究结果鼓励研究人员、从业人员和政策制定者将非自愿临时工作视为可能对心理健康有害，并为未来对边缘化群体心理健康不平等的检查提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。和政策制定者将非自愿临时工作视为可能对心理健康有害，并为未来对边缘化群体心理健康不平等的检查提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。和政策制定者将非自愿临时工作视为可能对心理健康有害，并为未来对边缘化群体心理健康不平等的检查提供信息。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。