OBJECTIVE Mindfulness- and compassion-based interventions may represent a promising intervention approach to the global mental health crisis of forced displacement. Specifically, Mindfulness-Based Trauma Recovery for Refugees (MBTR-R)-a mindfulness- and compassion-based, trauma-sensitive, and socioculturally adapted intervention for refugees and asylum-seekers-has recently demonstrated randomized control evidence of therapeutic efficacy and safety. Yet, little is known about potential mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects for trauma recovery and for refugees and asylum-seekers. METHOD Thus, we examined adaptive and maladaptive forms of self-referentiality, namely self-compassion and self-criticism, as mechanisms of action for trauma recovery in a randomized wait-list control trial of MBTR-R among a community sample of 158 traumatized and chronically stressed asylum-seekers (46% female) in an urban postdisplacement setting (Middle East). Self-compassion and self-criticism were measured vis-à-vis an experimental Self-Referential Encoding Task (SRET) designed to quantify cognitive processes underlying self-compassion and self-criticism using diffusion modeling, a computational modeling approach to quantify cognitive processes underlying decision-making from behavioral reaction time data. RESULTS Findings indicate that self-compassion and self-criticism were associated with trauma- and stress-related psychopathology at preintervention. Relative to wait-list controls, MBTR-R led to significant elevation in self-compassion, and reduction in self-criticism, from pre to postintervention. Finally, pre to postintervention change in self-criticism significantly mediated therapeutic effects of MBTR-R on depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) outcomes, while pre to postintervention change in self-compassion only mediated therapeutic effects on PTSD outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Findings speak to the importance of (mal)adaptive self-referentiality as a target mechanism in MBIs and trauma recovery broadly, and among refugees and asylum-seekers specifically. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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难民基于正念的创伤恢复的候选作用机制（MBTR-R）：自我同情和自我批评。

目标基于正念和同情心的干预措施可能代表了一种有希望的干预方法，以应对全球被迫流离失所的心理健康危机。具体来说，基于正念的难民创伤康复 (MBTR-R) - 一种针对难民和寻求庇护者的基于正念和同情心、对创伤敏感且适应社会文化的干预措施 - 最近证明了治疗效果和安全性的随机对照证据。然而，对于这些治疗效果对创伤恢复以及难民和寻求庇护者的潜在机制知之甚少。方法因此，我们检查了自我指涉的适应性和适应不良形式，即自我同情和自我批评，作为在城市流离失所后环境（中东）的 158 名遭受创伤和长期压力的寻求庇护者（46% 女性）的社区样本中进行的 MBTR-R 随机等待名单对照试验中创伤恢复的作用机制。自我同情和自我批评是相对于实验性自我参照编码任务 (SRET) 进行测量的，该任务旨在使用扩散模型量化自我同情和自我批评的认知过程，这是一种计算建模方法，用于量化潜在的认知过程根据行为反应时间数据做出决策。结果 研究结果表明，自我同情和自我批评与干预前的创伤和压力相关的精神病理学有关。相对于等待名单控制，MBTR-R 导致自我同情的显着提升，从干预前到干预后减少自我批评。最后，干预前后自我批评的变化显着介导了 MBTR-R 对抑郁症和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 结果的治疗效果，而干预前后自我同情的变化仅介导了对 PTSD 结果的治疗效果。结论 研究结果表明（不良）适应性自我参照作为 MBI 和广泛的创伤恢复的目标机制的重要性，特别是在难民和寻求庇护者中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。而干预前后自我慈悲的变化仅介导了对 PTSD 结果的治疗效果。结论 研究结果表明（不良）适应性自我参照作为 MBI 和广泛的创伤恢复的目标机制的重要性，特别是在难民和寻求庇护者中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。而干预前后自我慈悲的变化仅介导了对 PTSD 结果的治疗效果。结论 研究结果表明（不良）适应性自我参照作为 MBI 和广泛的创伤恢复的目标机制的重要性，特别是在难民和寻求庇护者中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。