Biodiesel is marketed as a long-term renewable fuel that may partially replace fossil fuels in transportation while also helping to reduce global warming. The current study is focused on using waste animal fat as a feedstock for biodiesel production. Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) are used as catalysts, with methanol as an alcohol. Temperature at 60°C, reaction time 2 hrs for acid catalyst, and 55°C, reaction time 90 min for base catalyst with a methanol to oil ratio of 5 : 1 are the experimental and optimized process conditions. With the H₂SO₄ catalyst, the biodiesel yield was 65.7%, while with the KOH catalyst, it was 48.8%. The ASTM standards are used to compare and study the physicochemical characteristics. This study offers an environmentally friendly solution to a global problem of atmospheric pollution, and at the same time, it shows a commercial alternative to reduce the ecological impact caused by waste animal fat.

中文翻译：

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使用 H2SO4 和 KOH 催化剂通过酯交换从废弃动物脂肪生产生物柴油：物理化学性质的研究

生物柴油作为一种长期可再生燃料在市场上销售，可以部分替代运输中的化石燃料，同时也有助于减少全球变暖。目前的研究重点是使用废弃的动物脂肪作为生物柴油生产的原料。硫酸 (H ₂ SO ₄ ) 和氢氧化钾 (KOH) 用作催化剂，甲醇用作醇。温度60℃，酸催化剂反应时间2小时，碱催化剂55℃，反应时间90分钟，甲醇与油比为5:1是实验和优化的工艺条件。与 H ₂ SO ₄催化剂，生物柴油产率为 65.7%，而使用 KOH 催化剂时，为 48.8%。ASTM 标准用于比较和研究物理化学特性。这项研究为解决全球大气污染问题提供了一种环境友好的解决方案，同时它展示了一种商业替代方案，可以减少废弃动物脂肪对生态的影响。