Following successful behavioral treatment in which problem behavior is reduced, problem behavior sometimes reemerges as a function of changes in stimulus conditions (i.e., renewal) or the worsening of reinforcement conditions for an appropriate alternative response (i.e., resurgence). Extant research suggests that both renewal and resurgence may be relatively prevalent phenomenon in a variety of clinical settings. The purpose of the present study was to replicate and extend extant research quantifying the prevalence and magnitude of renewal (Experiment 1) and resurgence (Experiment 2) in an intensive outpatient clinic via retrospective consecutive controlled case series (CCCS; Hagopian, 2020). Findings from the current study—which represents the largest sample to date investigating relapse in applied settings—suggest that both renewal and resurgence are relatively common phenomenon and occur in the majority of treatment applications. Based on our findings (and emerging research in this area), we provide recommendations for practitioners to mitigate the occurrence of renewal and resurgence in clinical contexts.

中文翻译：

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密集门诊环境中严重问题行为的更新和复苏：患病率、程度和对实践的影响

在成功的减少问题行为的行为治疗之后，问题行为有时会随着刺激条件的变化（即更新）或强化条件的恶化而重新出现，以进行适当的替代反应（即重新出现）。现有研究表明，在各种临床环境中，更新和复苏可能是相对普遍的现象。本研究的目的是通过回顾性连续对照病例系列 (CCCS; Hagopian, 2020) 复制和扩展现有研究，量化强化门诊的更新（实验 1）和复发（实验 2）的流行率和程度。当前研究的结果——代表了迄今为止调查应用环境中复发的最大样本——表明更新和复发都是相对普遍的现象，并且发生在大多数治疗应用中。根据我们的发现（以及该领域的新兴研究），我们为从业者提供建议，以减轻临床环境中更新和死灰复燃的发生。