Public procurement is a large sector of the economy with most procurement going to the defense sector. Procurement by the defense sector includes purchases made through contracts to private businesses that manufacture durable goods. Manufacturing of these goods results in pollution production with toxic wastes being among the most dangerous pollutants for public health. Despite green purchasing policy goals, most transactions in the United States through defense contracts result in disproportionately high-toxic pollution releases by manufacturers. We find that persistent exemptions granted defense agencies from following green purchasing policy result in a landscape where contractor environmental performance is unchanging with defense contractors persistently polluting in high amounts. Further, we find that defense contractors are linked to most toxic releases from procurement meaning that exemptions may be hindering potential advancements from green purchasing policy. Results can inform the design of new guidance about procurement and expand understanding of environmental inequality.

中文翻译：

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有毒废物和公共采购：国防部门是公私合作造成污染的不成比例的贡献者

公共采购是一个很大的经济部门，大部分采购都流向了国防部门。国防部门的采购包括通过与制造耐用品的私营企业签订合同进行的采购。这些商品的制造导致污染产生，有毒废物是对公众健康最危险的污染物之一。尽管有绿色采购政策目标，但美国通过国防合同进行的大多数交易都会导致制造商不成比例地释放高毒污染。我们发现，授予国防机构遵循绿色采购政策的持续豁免导致承包商环境绩效不变，而国防承包商持续大量污染。更远，我们发现，国防承包商与采购中释放出的大多数有毒物质有关，这意味着豁免可能会阻碍绿色采购政策的潜在进步。结果可以为有关采购的新指南的设计提供信息，并扩大对环境不平等的理解。