A motile doublet form of Salmonella Typhimurium diversifies target search behavior at the epithelial surface,Molecular Microbiology

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A motile doublet form of Salmonella Typhimurium diversifies target search behavior at the epithelial surface
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-24 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14898
Viktor Ek ₁ , Stefan A Fattinger _{1,

2} , Alexandra Florbrant ₁ , Wolf-Dietrich Hardt ₂ , Maria Letizia Di Martino ₁ , Jens Eriksson ₁ , Mikael E Sellin ₁

Affiliation

The behaviors of infectious bacteria are commonly studied in bulk. This is effective to define the general properties of a given isolate, but insufficient to resolve subpopulations and unique single-microbe behaviors within the bacterial pool. We here employ microscopy to study single-bacterium characteristics among Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.Tm), as they prepare for and launch invasion of epithelial host cells. We find that during the bacterial growth cycle, S.Tm populations switch gradually from fast planktonic growth to a host cell-invasive phenotype, characterized by flagellar motility and expression of the Type-three-secretion-system-1. The indistinct nature of this shift leads to the establishment of a transient subpopulation of S.Tm “doublets”—waist-bearing bacteria anticipating cell division—which simultaneously express host cell invasion machinery. In epithelial cell culture infections, these S.Tm doublets outperform their “singlet” brethren and represent a hyperinvasive subpopulation. Atop both glass and enteroid-derived monolayers, doublets swim along markedly straighter trajectories than singlets, thereby diversifying search patterns and improving the surface exploration capacity of the total bacterial population. The straighter swimming, combined with an enhanced cell-adhesion propensity, suffices to account for the hyperinvasive doublet phenotype. This work highlights bacterial cell length heterogeneity as a key determinant of target search patterns atop epithelia.

中文翻译：

鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的运动双联体形式使上皮表面的目标搜索行为多样化

传染性细菌的行为通常被大量研究。这对于定义给定分离物的一般特性是有效的，但不足以解决细菌库中的亚群和独特的单微生物行为。我们在这里使用显微镜来研究沙门氏菌鼠伤寒血清型 ( S.Tm ) 中的单一细菌特征，因为它们准备并开始入侵上皮宿主细胞。我们发现，在细菌生长周期中，S.Tm种群逐渐从快速浮游生长转变为宿主细胞侵袭性表型，其特征是鞭毛运动和 Type-three-secretion-system-1 的表达。这种转变的模糊性质导致了一个短暂的亚群的建立S .Tm“双峰”——预期细胞分裂的腰部细菌——同时表达宿主细胞入侵机制。在上皮细胞培养感染中，这些S.Tm双联体的表现优于它们的“单联体”兄弟，代表了一个高侵袭性亚群。在玻璃和肠源性单层上，双峰沿着比单峰明显更直的轨迹游动，从而使搜索模式多样化并提高总细菌种群的表面探索能力。更直的游泳，结合增强的细胞粘附倾向，足以解释超侵袭性双峰表型。这项工作突出了细菌细胞长度异质性作为上皮细胞顶部目标搜索模式的关键决定因素。

更新日期：2022-03-24

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