Kochia [Bassia scoparia (L.) A.J. Scott] is a problematic summer-annual tumbleweed that infests cropped and noncropped areas in the Great Plains of North America. Efficient seed dispersal, prolific seed production, and abiotic stress tolerance facilitate invasiveness of kochia, while both resource-limiting and non-resource-limiting interference aid in rapid colonization of disturbed areas. Resistance to up to four herbicide sites-of-action allow kochia to escape herbicidal control in several field crops and contribute to crop yield losses. Near-complete crop failure (>90% yield loss) has been reported due to kochia interference in corn (Zea mays L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. bicolor], sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Mean reported yield losses due to kochia interference were greatest in grain corn (68%), followed by sorghum (62%), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (52%), sugar beet (46%), silage corn (40%), sunflower (23%), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (20%), spring canola (Brassica napus L.) (13%), field pea (Pisum sativum L.) (13%), and spring oat (Avena sativa L.) (7%). However, crop yield losses due to kochia interference depend on several factors, including kochia density, relative emergence timing, duration of interference, the environment, and potentially also fitness penalties caused by pleiotropic effects of herbicide resistance traits. This review provides a synthesis of the impact of kochia on farm operations, crop yield losses due to kochia interference, factors affecting kochia interference, and interference mechanisms. Together, this synthesis highlights the critical need for research identifying integrated strategies for kochia management, and their subsequent adoption by the farming community.

地肤子 [ Bassia scoparia (L.) AJ Scott] 是一种有问题的夏季一年生风滚草，在北美大平原的种植区和非种植区出没。有效的种子传播、多产的种子生产和非生物胁迫耐受性促进了地肤的入侵，而资源限制和非资源限制干扰有助于受干扰地区的快速定殖。对多达四种除草剂作用位点的抗性使地肤能够在几种大田作物中逃脱除草剂控制，并导致作物产量损失。据报道，由于地肤对玉米 ( Zea mays L.)、高粱 [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench ssp. 双色]，甜菜（Beta vulgaris L.) 和向日葵 ( Helianthus annuus L.)。因地肤干扰导致的平均报告产量损失在谷物玉米 (68%) 中最大，其次是高粱 (62%)、大豆 [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (52%)、甜菜 (46%)、青贮饲料玉米 (40%)、向日葵 (23%)、春小麦 ( Triticum aestivum L.) (20%)、春油菜 ( Brassica napus L.) (13%)、豌豆 ( Pisum sativum L.) (13%) , 和春燕麦 ( Avena sativaL.) (7%)。然而，由于地肤干扰导致的作物产量损失取决于几个因素，包括地肤密度、相对出苗时间、干扰持续时间、环境，以及除草剂抗性性状的多效效应可能导致的适应性损失。本综述综合介绍了地肤对农场经营的影响、由于地肤干扰导致的作物产量损失、影响地肤干扰的因素以及干扰机制。总之，这一综合强调了研究确定地肤管理综合策略及其随后被农业社区采用的迫切需要。