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Bystander intervention among secondary school pupils: Testing an augmented Prototype Willingness Model.
British Journal of Social Psychology ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-23 , DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12534
Stefania Pagani 1 , Simon C Hunter 2, 3 , Mark A Elliott 1
Affiliation  

This study augmented the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) to assess reactive and deliberative decision-making underpinning bystander intervention in gender-based violence contexts. There were 2079 participants (50% male, 49% female, and 1% unreported), aged 11-15 years old (M = 12.32, SD = 0.91), attending 19 secondary schools across Scotland. Participants self-reported the augmented PWM variables, then their intervention behaviour approximately 1 month later. Path analyses mostly supported the predicted relationships between positive and negative bidimensional attitudes, subjective norms, prototype perceptions, perceived behavioural control, and self-efficacy on intentions and willingness. Willingness predicted positive (speaking with a teacher) and negative (doing nothing) intervention in less serious violence. Self-efficacy predicted negative intervention in more serious violence. Subjective norms positively moderated the attitudes-intentions relationship. Overall, the results suggested that reactive (willingness) more so than deliberative (intention) decision-making account for intervention when young people witness gender-based violence. Additionally, the findings highlight the complexity of bystander intervention decision-making, where adding control perceptions, bidimensional attitudes, and moderators have independent contributions. Furthermore, self-comparison to the typical bystander who positively intervenes (prototype perceptions) was the strongest predictor of intentions and willingness, highlighting in a novel way the importance of image and group membership on decision-making.

中文翻译:

中学生的旁观者干预:测试增强原型意愿模型。

本研究增强了原型意愿模型 (PWM),以评估在基于性别的暴力环境中支持旁观者干预的反应性和审慎决策。共有 2079 名参与者(50% 男性,49% 女性,1% 未报告),年龄在 11-15 岁之间(M = 12.32,SD = 0.91),在苏格兰的 19 所中学就读。参与者自我报告增强的 PWM 变量,然后在大约 1 个月后报告他们的干预行为。路径分析主要支持积极和消极的二维态度、主观规范、原型知觉、知觉行为控制以及对意图和意愿的自我效能感之间的预测关系。意愿预测积极(与老师交谈)和消极(什么都不做)干预不太严重的暴力行为。自我效能预测消极干预更严重的暴力行为。主观规范正向调节态度-意图关系。总体而言,结果表明,当年轻人目睹基于性别的暴力时,反应性(意愿)比审慎(意图)决策更能解释干预。此外,研究结果强调了旁观者干预决策的复杂性,其中增加控制感知、二维态度和调节者具有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。主观规范正向调节态度-意图关系。总体而言,结果表明,当年轻人目睹基于性别的暴力时,反应性(意愿)比审慎(意图)决策更能解释干预。此外,研究结果强调了旁观者干预决策的复杂性,其中增加控制感知、二维态度和调节者具有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。主观规范正向调节态度-意图关系。总体而言,结果表明,当年轻人目睹基于性别的暴力时,反应性(意愿)比审慎(意图)决策更能解释干预。此外,研究结果强调了旁观者干预决策的复杂性,其中增加控制感知、二维态度和调节者具有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。结果表明,当年轻人目睹基于性别的暴力行为时,反应性(意愿)决策比审慎(意图)决策更能解释干预。此外,研究结果强调了旁观者干预决策的复杂性,其中增加控制感知、二维态度和调节者具有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。结果表明,当年轻人目睹基于性别的暴力行为时,反应性(意愿)决策比审慎(意图)决策更能解释干预。此外,研究结果强调了旁观者干预决策的复杂性,其中增加控制感知、二维态度和调节者具有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。双向态度,主持人有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。双向态度,主持人有独立的贡献。此外,与积极干预的典型旁观者(原型感知)的自我比较是意图和意愿的最强预测指标,以新颖的方式突出了形象和群体成员对决策的重要性。
更新日期:2022-03-23
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