Twenty years after the September 11th, 2001 terrorist attacks, the association between exposures present at the World Trade Center (WTC) site and the risk of several specific types of cancer has been reported among rescue and recovery workers. The authors' objective was to conduct an updated review of these data. Most studies have found elevated rates of both prostate and thyroid cancers compared with rates in the general population, and some have reported statistically significant differences for the rates of all cancers as well. Studies including a larger combined cohort of WTC-exposed rescue and recovery workers from 3 main cohorts have since replicated findings for these cancers, with additional years of follow-up. Among this combined cohort, although a lower-than-expected standardized incidence ratio for all cancers was observed, WTC exposure was also related to an increased risk of cutaneous melanoma and tonsil cancer. Importantly, another study found that WTC-exposed rescue and recovery workers who are enrolled in the federally funded medical monitoring and treatment program experienced improved survival post-cancer diagnosis compared with New York state patients with cancer. On the basis of these combined cohort studies, the full effect of WTC exposure on cancer risk is becoming clearer. Consequently, the authors believe that surveillance of those with WTC exposure should be continued, and in-depth analysis of epidemiologic, molecular, and clinical aspects of specific cancers in these workers should be pursued.

中文翻译：

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世贸中心救援和恢复工作人员的癌症风险：综述

2001 年 9 月 11 日恐怖袭击发生二十年后，据救援和恢复工作人员报道，世界贸易中心 (WTC) 遗址的暴露与几种特定类型癌症的风险之间存在关联。作者的目标是对这些数据进行更新审查。大多数研究发现，与普通人群相比，前列腺癌和甲状腺癌的发病率有所升高，有些研究还报告了所有癌症的发病率存在统计学上的显着差异。此后，包括来自 3 个主要队列的来自世贸中心暴露的救援和恢复工作人员的更大联合队列的研究已经重复了这些癌症的研究结果，并进行了多年的随访。在这个组合队列中，尽管观察到所有癌症的标准化发病率低于预期，但 WTC 暴露也与皮肤黑色素瘤和扁桃体癌的风险增加有关。重要的是，另一项研究发现，与纽约州癌症患者相比，参加联邦政府资助的医疗监测和治疗计划的世贸中心暴露的救援和恢复人员的癌症后诊断生存率有所提高。在这些综合队列研究的基础上，世贸中心暴露对癌症风险的全面影响正变得越来越清楚。因此，作者认为应继续对那些接触世贸中心的人员进行监测，并对这些工人中特定癌症的流行病学、分子和临床方面进行深入分析。