We explored by eye-tracking the visual encoding modalities of participants (N = 20) involved in a free-observation task in which three repetitions of ten unfamiliar graspable objects were administered. Then, we analysed the temporal allocation (t = 1500 ms) of visual-spatial attention to objects’ manipulation (i.e., the part aimed at grasping the object) and functional (i.e., the part aimed at recognizing the function and identity of the object) areas. Within the first 750 ms, participants tended to shift their gaze on the functional areas while decreasing their attention on the manipulation areas. Then, participants reversed this trend, decreasing their visual-spatial attention to the functional areas while fixing the manipulation areas relatively more. Crucially, the global amount of visual-spatial attention for objects’ functional areas significantly decreased as an effect of stimuli repetition while remaining stable for the manipulation areas, thus indicating stimulus familiarity effects. These findings support the action reappraisal theoretical approach, which considers object/tool processing as abilities emerging from semantic, technical/mechanical, and sensorimotor knowledge integration.

我们通过眼动追踪参与 自由观察任务的参与者 ( N = 20) 的视觉编码模式进行了探索，在该任务中，对十个不熟悉的可抓取物体进行了三次重复。然后，我们分析了时间分配（t = 1500 ms) 视觉空间注意对象的操作（即，旨在抓住对象的部分）和功能（即，旨在识别对象的功能和身份的部分）区域。在最初的 750 毫秒内，参与者倾向于将视线转移到功能区域，同时减少对操作区域的注意力。然后，参与者扭转了这一趋势，减少了他们对功能区域的视觉空间注意力，同时相对更多地固定了操作区域。至关重要的是，由于刺激重复的影响，物体功能区域的整体视觉空间注意力显着减少，而操作区域保持稳定，因此表明刺激熟悉效应。这些发现支持行动重评理论方法，