Ethnic homestead forests or the traditional agroforestry systems (TAFS) can achieve sustainable production, in-situ biodiversity conservation, and climate change mitigation while maintaining cultural values. The presence of trees under the TAFS increases the ecological and aesthetic value of the landscape and possesses important economic value for the farmer. This study aimed to determine the contribution of ethnic homestead forests to tree biodiversity, biomass storage and evaluated farmers’ use criteria under the piper and pineapple systems of Assam and home gardens of Mizoram, North-East India. The results showed that tree species richness, basal area, and diversity were highest in the home gardens followed by piper and pineapple-based systems. On the other hand, stand density under these systems followed a reverse order. Altogether, 112, 91, and 15 tree species were documented from home gardens, piper, and pineapple-based systems with stand density of 399, 990, and 1225 (stems ha⁻¹) under the same systems respectively. Two economically viable tree species, i.e. Aquilaria malaccensis and Parkia timoriana that are no longer found in wild are widely domesticated in the pineapple-based system. In Assam, the biomass storage in piper-based systems (129.39 Mg ha⁻¹) was 19 % more than the nearby native forest (NF). In contrast, the biomass storage in the home gardens of Mizoram (117.32 Mg ha⁻¹) was 57 % lower than the NF. The farmer’s use classes revealed that greater numbers of tree species under these TAFS provided fuelwood, timber, and economic needs. According to the farmer’s report, the environmental services provisioned by most tree species include - shade for other crop species and in soil erosion control. This study demonstrates the potentiality of TAFS in the conservation of biodiversity, and biomass storage while additionally ensuring livelihood resilience and a wide array of environmental services.

民族宅基地林或传统农林业系统 (TAFS) 可以就地实现可持续生产生物多样性保护和减缓气候变化，同时保持文化价值。TAFS 下树木的存在增加了景观的生态和审美价值，并对农民具有重要的经济价值。本研究旨在确定民族宅基地森林对树木生物多样性、生物量储存的贡献，并评估农民在阿萨姆邦的吹笛者和菠萝系统以及印度东北部米佐拉姆邦的家庭花园下的使用标准。结果表明，家庭花园中的树种丰富度、基面积和多样性最高，其次是基于吹笛和菠萝的系统。另一方面，这些系统下的林分密度遵循相反的顺序。共有 112、91 和 15 种树种来自家庭花园、吹笛者和基于菠萝的系统，林分密度为 399，^-1 ) 分别在相同的系统下。两种经济上可行的树种，即Aquilaria malaccensis和Parkia timoriana，不再在野外发现，在以菠萝为基础的系统中被广泛驯化。在阿萨姆邦，基于吹笛者的系统中的生物质储存量（129.39 Mg ha ^-1）比附近的原生森林（NF）多出 19%。相比之下，米佐拉姆 (Mizoram) 家庭花园中的生物质储存量 (117.32 Mg ha ^-1) 比 NF 低 57%。农民的使用类别表明，这些 TAFS 下的更多树种提供了薪材、木材和经济需求。根据农民的报告，大多数树种提供的环境服务包括 - 为其他作物物种提供遮荫和土壤侵蚀控制。这项研究证明了 TAFS 在保护生物多样性和生物质储存方面的潜力，同时还确保了生计恢复能力和广泛的环境服务。