The European Physical Journal E ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-23 , DOI: 10.1140/epje/s10189-022-00175-5 Charlie Duclut 1 , Joris Paijmans 1 , Mandar M Inamdar 2 , Carl D Modes 3, 4, 5 , Frank Jülicher 1, 4, 5
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Abstract
In amorphous solids as in tissues, neighbor exchanges can relax local stresses and allow the material to flow. In this paper, we use an anisotropic vertex model to study T1 rearrangements in polygonal cellular networks. We consider two different physical realizations of the active anisotropic stresses: (i) anisotropic bond tension and (ii) anisotropic cell stress. Interestingly, the two types of active stress lead to patterns of relative orientation of T1 transitions and cell elongation that are different. Our work suggests that these two realizations of anisotropic active stresses can be observed in vivo. We describe and explain these results through the lens of a continuum description of the tissue as an anisotropic active material. We furthermore discuss the energetics of the dynamic tissue and express the energy balance in terms of internal elastic energy, mechanical work, chemical work and heat. This allows us to define active T1 transitions that can perform mechanical work while consuming chemical energy.
Graphic abstract
中文翻译：
蜂窝网络中的主动 T1 转换
摘要
在组织中的无定形固体中，相邻交换可以放松局部应力并允许材料流动。在本文中，我们使用各向异性顶点模型来研究多边形蜂窝网络中的 T1 重排。我们考虑了主动各向异性应力的两种不同物理实现：（i）各向异性键张力和（ii）各向异性单元应力。有趣的是，这两种类型的主动应力导致 T1 过渡的相对方向和细胞伸长的模式不同。我们的工作表明，可以在体内观察到这两种各向异性主动应力的实现. 我们通过将组织连续描述为各向异性活性材料的镜头来描述和解释这些结果。我们进一步讨论了动态组织的能量学，并用内部弹性能、机械功、化学功和热来表达能量平衡。这使我们能够定义可以在消耗化学能的同时执行机械功的主动 T1 跃迁。
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