Alterations in adipose tissue composition and function are associated with obesity and contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. While the significance of this relationship has been cemented, our understanding of the multifaceted role of adipose tissue in metabolic heath and disease continues to evolve and expand. Heterogenous populations of cells that make up adipose tissue throughout the body generate diverse secretomes containing a mosaic of bioactive compounds with vast structural and signaling capabilities. While there are many reports highlighting the important role of adipose tissue endocrine signaling in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, the direct, local, paracrine effect of adipose tissue has received less attention. Recent studies have begun to underscore the importance of considering anatomically discrete adipose depots for their specific impact on local microenvironments and metabolic function in neighboring tissues as well as regulation of whole-body physiology. This article highlights the important role of adipose tissue paracrine signaling on metabolic function and insulin sensitivity in nearby tissues and organs, specifically focusing on visceral, pancreatic, subcutaneous, intermuscular, and perivascular adipose tissue depots.

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在代谢疾病中保持局部：脂肪组织旁分泌信号传导和胰岛素抵抗

脂肪组织成分和功能的改变与肥胖有关，并导致 2 型糖尿病的发生。虽然这种关系的重要性已经得到巩固，但我们对脂肪组织在代谢健康和疾病中的多方面作用的理解仍在不断发展和扩大。构成全身脂肪组织的异质细胞群产生不同的分泌体，其中含有具有巨大结构和信号传导能力的生物活性化合物的镶嵌体。虽然有许多报告强调脂肪组织内分泌信号在胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病中的重要作用，但脂肪组织的直接、局部、旁分泌作用受到的关注较少。最近的研究开始强调考虑解剖学上离散的脂肪库的重要性，因为它们对局部微环境和邻近组织的代谢功能以及全身生理调节的具体影响。本文强调了脂肪组织旁分泌信号对附近组织和器官的代谢功能和胰岛素敏感性的重要作用，特别关注内脏、胰腺、皮下、肌间和血管周围的脂肪组织库。