ABSTRACT

On a longitudinal sample of 181 emerging adult men (M_age = 19.36, SD_age = 1.48), we analyzed how diverse socializing agents (fathers, male peers, magazines, music videos, TV dramas, and TV sitcoms) related to adherence to masculine norms, and how norm adherence related to men’s interpersonal sexual cognitions and behaviors (romantic relationship self-efficacy, sexual self-esteem, and alcohol-primed sexual encounters). We found that male peers, magazines, and music videos related to masculine norm adherence one year later, and that norm adherence predicted increased alcohol-primed sexual encounters. We followed this up with analyses investigating the role of specific masculine norms and found unique socialization and outcome paths for different masculine norms. For example, analyses indicated that male peers were positively related to norms of winning, power over women, playboy attitudes, and risk-taking, and that playboy attitudes, risk-taking, emotional control, and self-reliance predicted lower levels of romantic relationship self-efficacy. Interestingly, sitcom viewing related to lower adherence to masculine norms including heterosexual presentation and having power over women. Findings identify the unique influence of male peers, magazines, and music videos on young men’s sexual cognitions and behaviors and highlight how combining different socialization agents in one model is key to identifying these unique patterns of socialization and their consequences.

摘要

在 181 名新兴成年男性的纵向样本中（M_年龄 = 19.36，SD_年龄 = 1.48)，我们分析了不同的社交代理人（父亲、男性同龄人、杂志、音乐视频、电视剧和情景喜剧）如何与遵守男性规范相关，以及规范遵守如何与男性的人际性认知和行为（浪漫关系）相关自我效能、性自尊和酒精引发的性接触）。我们发现男性同龄人、杂志和音乐视频与一年后男性规范的遵守有关，而这种规范的遵守预示着酒精引发的性接触会增加。我们随后分析调查了特定男性规范的作用，并为不同的男性规范找到了独特的社会化和结果路径。例如，分析表明，男性同伴与获胜规范、对女性的权力、花花公子态度和冒险精神呈正相关，花花公子的态度、冒险精神、情绪控制和自力更生预示着较低水平的恋爱关系自我效能。有趣的是，观看情景喜剧与较少遵守男性规范有关，包括异性恋表现和对女性的权力。调查结果确定了男性同龄人、杂志和音乐视频对年轻男性性认知和行为的独特影响，并强调了如何将不同的社会化代理人结合在一个模型中是识别这些独特的社会化模式及其后果的关键。