Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters,Molecular Nutrition & Food Research

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Effects of Polyphenols on Glucose-Induced Metabolic Changes in Healthy Human Subjects and on Glucose Transporters
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research ( IF 4.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 , DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202101113
Gary Williamson ₁

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Dietary polyphenols interact with glucose transporters in the small intestine and modulate glucose uptake after food or beverage consumption. This review assesses the transporter interaction in vitro and how this translates to an effect in healthy volunteers consuming glucose. As examples, the apple polyphenol phlorizin inhibits sodium-glucose linked transporter-1; in the intestinal lumen, it is converted to phloretin, a strong inhibitor of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), by the brush border digestive enzyme lactase. Consequently, an apple extract rich in phlorizin attenuates blood glucose and insulin in healthy volunteers after a glucose challenge. On the other hand, the olive phenolic, oleuropein, inhibits GLUT2, but the strength of the inhibition is not enough to modulate blood glucose after a glucose challenge in healthy volunteers. Multiple metabolic effects and oxidative stresses after glucose consumption include insulin, incretin hormones, fatty acids, amino acids, and protein markers. However, apart from acute postprandial effects on glucose, insulin, and some incretin hormones, very little is known about the acute effects of polyphenols on these glucose-induced secondary effects. In summary, attenuation of the effect of a glucose challenge in vivo is only observed when polyphenols are strong inhibitors of glucose transporters.

中文翻译：

多酚对健康人体葡萄糖诱导的代谢变化和葡萄糖转运蛋白的影响

膳食多酚与小肠中的葡萄糖转运蛋白相互作用，并调节食物或饮料摄入后的葡萄糖摄取。本综述评估了体外转运蛋白的相互作用，以及这种相互作用如何转化为对消耗葡萄糖的健康志愿者的影响。例如，苹果多酚根皮苷可抑制钠-葡萄糖连接转运蛋白 1；在肠腔中，它被刷状缘消化酶乳糖酶转化为根皮素，这是一种葡萄糖转运蛋白 2 (GLUT2) 的强抑制剂。因此，富含根皮苷的苹果提取物可以降低健康志愿者在葡萄糖挑战后的血糖和胰岛素。另一方面，橄榄酚、橄榄苦苷可抑制 GLUT2，但抑制强度不足以调节健康志愿者在葡萄糖激发后的血糖。葡萄糖消耗后的多种代谢效应和氧化应激包括胰岛素、肠促胰岛素激素、脂肪酸、氨基酸和蛋白质标记物。然而，除了对葡萄糖、胰岛素和一些肠促胰岛素激素的急性餐后影响外，人们对多酚对这些葡萄糖引起的继发效应的急性影响知之甚少。总之，只有当多酚是葡萄糖转运蛋白的强抑制剂时，才会观察到体内葡萄糖激发效应的减弱。

更新日期：2022-03-21

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