Identifying the nature of dark matter (DM) has long been a pressing question for particle physics. In the face of ever-more-powerful exclusions and null results from large-exposure searches for TeV-scale DM interacting with nuclei, a significant amount of attention has shifted to lighter (sub-GeV) DM candidates. Direct detection of the light DM in our galaxy by observing DM scattering off a target system requires new approaches compared to prior searches. Lighter DM particles have less available kinetic energy, and achieving a kinematic match between DM and the target mandates the proper treatment of collective excitations in condensed matter systems, such as charged quasiparticles or phonons. In this context, the condensed matter physics of the target material is crucial, necessitating an interdisciplinary approach. In this review, we provide a self-contained introduction to direct detection of keV–GeV DM with condensed matter systems. We give a brief survey of DM models and basics of condensed matter, while the bulk of the review deals with the theoretical treatment of DM-nucleon and DM-electron interactions. We also review recent experimental developments in detector technology, and conclude with an outlook for the field of sub-GeV DM detection over the next decade.

中文翻译：

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使用凝聚态系统搜索轻暗物质

长期以来，确定暗物质 (DM) 的性质一直是粒子物理学的一个紧迫问题。面对来自对与原子核相互作用的 TeV 规模 DM 的大规模曝光搜索的越来越强大的排除和无效结果，大量注意力已经转移到更轻（亚 GeV）DM 候选者。与之前的搜索相比，通过观察目标系统散射的 DM 来直接检测我们银河系中的光 DM 需要新的方法。较轻的 DM 粒子具有较少的可用动能，并且在 DM 和目标之间实现运动学匹配要求正确处理凝聚态物质系统中的集体激发，例如带电准粒子或声子。在这种情况下，目标材料的凝聚态物理学至关重要，需要采用跨学科方法。在这篇评论中，我们提供了使用凝聚态系统直接检测 keV–GeV DM 的独立介绍。我们简要介绍了 DM 模型和凝聚态物质的基础知识，而大部分评论涉及 DM-核子和 DM-电子相互作用的理论处理。我们还回顾了探测器技术的最新实验发展，并总结了未来十年亚 GeV DM 探测领域的前景。