Exposure to adversity in childhood is associated with elevations in numerous physical and mental health outcomes across the life course. The biological embedding of early experience during periods of developmental plasticity is one pathway that contributes to these associations. Dimensional models specify mechanistic pathways linking different dimensions of adversity to health and well-being outcomes later in life. While findings from existing studies testing these dimensions have provided promising preliminary support for these models, less agreement exists about how to measure the experiences that comprise each dimension. Here, we review existing approaches to measuring two dimensions of adversity: threat and deprivation. We recommend specific measures for measuring these constructs and, when possible, document when the same measure can be used by different reporters and across the lifespan to maximize the utility with which these recommendations can be applied. Through this approach, we hope to stimulate progress in understanding how particular dimensions of early environmental experience contribute to lifelong health.

童年时期遭遇逆境与一生中许多身心健康状况的改善有关。发育可塑性时期早期经验的生物嵌入是促成这些关联的途径之一。维度模型指定了将不同维度的逆境与晚年健康和福祉结果联系起来的机制路径。虽然测试这些维度的现有研究的结果为这些模型提供了有希望的初步支持，但对于如何衡量构成每个维度的体验还存在较少的共识。在这里，我们回顾了衡量逆境两个维度的现有方法：威胁和剥夺。我们建议衡量这些结构的具体措施，并在可能的情况下记录不同报告者在整个生命周期中何时可以使用相同的措施，以最大限度地提高这些建议的应用效用。通过这种方法，我们希望促进人们理解早期环境经历的特定维度如何促进终身健康。