Clinical Psychologist ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2022-03-21 , DOI: 10.1080/13284207.2022.2046976 Annemarie Nicol 1 , Anita S. Mak 1 , Kristen Murray 2 , Phillip S. Kavanagh 1, 3
ABSTRACT
Objective
There is emerging research demonstrating relationships between specific Early Maladaptive Schemas and self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in young people. Evidence also highlights the importance of conceptualising SIB in terms of its motivating function, differentiating between intrapersonal and interpersonal functions of the behaviour. Despite this, there is a relative absence of evidence linking schemas and functions of SIB. The current study sought to explore the relationship between schemas and motivations for self-injury in a community sample of young people with a history of self-injury.
Method
125 Australian secondary and university students aged between 16 and 25 years who reported SIB history completed the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Inventory of Statements about Self-Injury.
Results
Multiple regression analyses found that the schemas of Abandonment/Instability and Entitlement significantly predicted intrapersonal functions of self-injury. In contrast, Insufficient Self-Control significantly predicted interpersonal functions. Defectiveness/Shame and Entitlement predicted self-injury with suicidal intent.
Conclusions
We discuss the findings regarding distinct patterns in the associations between schemas and the functions of self-injurious behaviour among youth with self-injury history. The present study also highlights how schemas may help to understand the motivations behind self-injury and assist clinicians in the assessment of risk for self-injury and suicide among youth, as well as to formulate plans for treatment and early intervention.
KEY POINTS
What is already known about this topic:
Young people are motivated to self-injure for a variety of reasons, including to manage internal distress (intrapersonal) and influence their external environment (interpersonal).
Alongside these motivating functions, vulnerability factors, such as childhood maltreatment and intense negative emotions, predispose a young person to self-injury when confronted with stress.
Early maladaptive schemas are also increasingly being identified as vulnerability factors for self-injury, particularly Defectiveness/Shame and Abandonment/Instability.
What this topic adds:
Young people’s motivations to self-injure are influenced by their early maladaptive schemas.
Young people who self-injure for intrapersonal motivations report schemas of Abandonment/Instability, those who self-injure for interpersonal motivations report an Insufficient self-control schema, and those who self-injure with some suicidal intent report schemas of Defectiveness/Shame.
This highlights that the importance of understanding both the function and the schema when working with young people who self-injure. Youth whose self-injurious behaviour is interpersonally motivated may require interpersonal skill-building. For youth who self-injure for intrapersonal or suicidal motivations, a treatment such as schema therapy may be warranted.
中文翻译：
青少年早期适应不良图式与自伤行为功能的关系
摘要
客观的
有新兴的研究表明特定的早期适应不良模式与年轻人的自残行为 (SIB) 之间的关系。证据还强调了将 SIB 概念化在其激励功能方面的重要性，区分行为的内在和人际功能。尽管如此，相对缺乏将 SIB 的模式和功能联系起来的证据。目前的研究试图在有自伤史的年轻人的社区样本中探索图式和自伤动机之间的关系。
方法
125 名年龄在 16 至 25 岁之间且报告 SIB 历史的澳大利亚中学生和大学生完成了年轻模式问卷和自伤陈述清单。
结果
多元回归分析发现，放弃/不稳定和权利的图式显着预测了自伤的内在功能。相比之下，自我控制不足显着预测了人际交往功能。缺陷/羞耻和权利预测具有自杀意图的自伤。
结论
我们讨论了关于图式与有自伤史的青年自伤行为功能之间关联的不同模式的发现。本研究还强调了图式如何有助于了解自伤背后的动机，并帮助临床医生评估青少年自伤和自杀的风险，以及制定治疗和早期干预计划。
关键点
关于这个主题的已知信息：
出于各种原因，年轻人有自我伤害的动机，包括管理内部痛苦（内部）和影响他们的外部环境（人际关系）。
除了这些激励功能外，童年时期的虐待和强烈的负面情绪等脆弱因素也会使年轻人在面临压力时容易自残。
早期的适应不良图式也越来越多地被认为是自我伤害的脆弱因素，特别是缺陷/羞耻和放弃/不稳定。
本主题添加的内容：
年轻人自残的动机受到他们早期适应不良的图式的影响。
因个人动机而自我伤害的年轻人报告被遗弃/不稳定的图式，因人际动机而自我伤害的人报告自我控制不足的图式，而那些有自杀意图自伤的人报告有缺陷/羞耻的图式。
这凸显了在与自残的年轻人一起工作时了解功能和模式的重要性。自残行为是出于人际动机的青少年可能需要培养人际交往能力。对于因个人或自杀动机而自残的青少年，可能需要进行图式疗法等治疗。
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