Abstract. Inversion tillage is a commonly applied soil cultivation practice in Europe, which though has been blamed for deteriorating topsoil stability and organic carbon (OC) content. In this study, the potential to reverse these negative effects in the topsoil by alternative agricultural management practices are evaluated in five long-term experiments (running from 8 to 54 years the moment of sampling) in Europe. Topsoil samples (0–15 cm) were collected and analysed to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage (reduced and no-tillage) or increased organic inputs of different origin (farmyard manure, compost, crop residues) combined with inversion tillage on topsoil stability, soil aggregates and within these, OC distribution. Effects from the treatments on the two main components of organic matter i.e., particulate (POM) and mineral associated (MAOM), were also evaluated. Reduced and no-tillage practices, as well as the additions of manure or compost, increased the aggregates mean weight diameter (MWD) and topsoil OC, as well as the OC corresponding to the different aggregate size fractions. The incorporation of crop residues had a positive impact on the MWD but a less profound effect on OC content both on total OC and on OC associated with the different aggregates. A negative relationship between the mass and the OC content of the microaggregates (53–250 μm) was identified in all experiments. There was no effect on the mass of the macroaggregates and the occluded microaggregates (mM) within these, while the corresponding OC contents increased with less tillage and more organic inputs. Inversion tillage led to less POM within the mM, whereas the different organic inputs did not affect it. In all experiments where the total POM increased, the total soil organic carbon (SOC) was also affected positively. We concluded that the negative effects of inversion tillage on topsoil can be mitigated by reducing the tillage intensity or by adding organic materials, optimally combined with non-inversion tillage methods.

中文翻译：

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农业管理对土壤团聚体和相关有机碳组分的影响：欧洲长期实验分析

摘要。反耕是欧洲普遍采用的土壤耕作方式，尽管它被指责为表土稳定性和有机碳 (OC) 含量恶化的原因。在这项研究中，在欧洲的五项长期实验（从采样时起 8 到 54 年）评估了通过替代农业管理做法扭转表土中这些负面影响的潜力。收集并分析表土样品（0-15 cm），以评估保护性耕作（减耕和免耕）或增加不同来源的有机投入（农家肥、堆肥、作物残茬）结合反耕对表土稳定性的影响，土壤聚集体，在这些聚集体中，OC 分布。处理对有机物的两种主要成分即颗粒物 (POM) 和矿物伴生物 (MAOM) 的影响，也进行了评价。减少和免耕做法，以及添加粪肥或堆肥，增加了骨料平均重量直径 (MWD) 和表土 OC，以及对应于不同骨料大小部分的 OC。作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响，但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 含量的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关（53-250 作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响，但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 含量的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关（53-250 作物残留物的掺入对 MWD 有积极影响，但对总 OC 和与不同聚集体相关的 OC 含量的影响较小。微团聚体的质量与 OC 含量呈负相关（53-250μ m) 在所有实验中都被确定。对其中的大聚集体和封闭的微聚集体 (mM) 的质量没有影响，而相应的 OC 含量随着耕作的减少和有机投入的增加而增加。反耕导致 mM 内的 POM 减少，而不同的有机投入对其没有影响。在总 POM 增加的所有实验中，土壤总有机碳 (SOC) 也受到积极影响。我们得出结论，可以通过降低耕作强度或添加有机材料来减轻反耕对表土的负面影响，并与非反耕方法最佳结合。