INTRODUCTION

Surveillance capitalism has recently emerged as a key concept in interpretations of global technology companies’ business models as seen in Zuboff’s (2019) study analysing the transition of some Silicon Valley companies into global monopolies within just a few decades. In this paper, I argue that this business model has turned into a structural element of modern-day capitalism with implications for migration and border management. Through an analysis of the technological tools being developed and used for migration and border management, the article will help to understand the power dynamics underlying surveillance capitalism.

The tragic outputs of technological products for the management of migration and border security have recently entered the agenda of the academic community and activist networks. Studies have shown companies investing in border security and migration management, examine their lobbying activities and argue that refugees are being used as subjects in the development of surveillance technologies (Achiume, 2020; Akkermann, 2021; Latonero, 2019; Molnar, 2020). Analysing these, as a whole, within the scope of the surveillance capitalism provides clues of how enmeshed the interests of technology companies, military and security corporations, security bureaucracy and governments are, (Privacy International, 2021) and the oligarchic form of these interests.

Although surveillance capitalism discussions mainly focus on the commercial and political aspects to send personalized messages to users, this paper argues that the manifestation of surveillance capitalism in migration and border management would allow us to understand the development of new surveillance tools (lie detectors, facial recognition systems and sensors) that would eventually affect all humanity. Therefore, this is not only related to migrants and borders, such an analysis will illuminate which direction global capitalism is gravitating through cutting-edge technologies and envisage the possible tech-oriented dystopic future at the end of the road.

中文翻译：

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从移民的角度理解监视资本主义

介绍

Zuboff ( 2019 ) 的研究分析了一些硅谷公司在短短几十年内向全球垄断企业的转变，监控资本主义最近已成为解释全球科技公司商业模式的一个关键概念。在本文中，我认为这种商业模式已经变成了现代资本主义的结构要素，对移民和边境管理产生了影响。通过对正在开发和用于移民和边境管理的技术工具的分析，本文将有助于了解监视资本主义背后的权力动态。

用于管理移民和边境安全的技术产品的悲剧性成果最近已进入学术界和激进主义网络的议程。研究表明，公司投资于边境安全和移民管理，检查了他们的游说活动，并认为难民被用作开发监视技术的对象（Achiume，2020 年；Akkermann，2021 年；Latonero，2019 年；Molnar，2020 年）。在监视资本主义的范围内对这些进行整体分析，可以提供线索，了解科技公司、军事和安全公司、安全官僚机构和政府的利益是如何交织在一起的（Privacy International，2021) 以及这些利益的寡头形式。

尽管监视资本主义的讨论主要集中在向用户发送个性化信息的商业和政治方面，但本文认为监视资本主义在移民和边境管理中的表现将使我们了解新监视工具（测谎仪、面部识别）的发展系统和传感器），最终将影响全人类。因此，这不仅与移民和边界有关，这种分析将阐明全球资本主义正在通过尖端技术吸引哪个方向，并设想在道路尽头可能出现的以技术为导向的反乌托邦未来。