As a new synthetic species, triticale has been widely used for food and feed. Lodging is a severe problem in triticale production, and it is unknown whether wheat height-reducing genes can improve lodging resistance in triticale. In this study, the wheat-dwarfing genes Rht12 and Rht-B1b were introgressed into hexaploid triticale (AABBRR) lines to understand their effect on plant height. The results showed that Rht12 and Rht-B1b reduced the plant height of triticale plants by 37.7 and 29.9%, respectively. Rht12 and Rht-B1b both had significant effects on the basal internode's length, diameter, and thickness, which may greatly improve lodging resistance. Additionally, the net photosynthetic rate was increased by 28.7% in Rht12 dwarf lines. However, Rht12 had a significant and negative effect on thousand-kernel weight (14.5%) and yield per plant (20.6%). On the other hand, Rht-B1b reduced the number of tillers by 19.6% and yield per plant by 18.1% with no negative effect on the harvest index. Furthermore, Rht12 and Rht-B1b decreased grain plumpness but improved several grain quality traits. Conclusively, Rht12 and Rht-B1b improved lodging resistance but had some negative effects on yield components, which need careful consideration in triticale breeding.

中文翻译：

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小麦矮化基因Rht12和Rht-B1b影响六倍体小黑麦农艺性状的表现

黑小麦作为一种新的合成物种，已被广泛用于食品和饲料。倒伏是小黑麦生产中的一个严重问题，小麦减高基因是否能提高小黑麦的抗倒伏性尚不清楚。在这项研究中，将小麦矮化基因Rht12和Rht-B1b渗入到六倍体小黑麦 (AABBRR) 品系中，以了解它们对株高的影响。结果表明，Rht12和Rht-B1b分别使黑小麦株高降低了37.7%和29.9%。Rht12和Rht-B1b两者对基部节间的长度、直径和厚度都有显着影响，可大大提高抗倒伏能力。此外，Rht12矮化系的净光合速率增加了 28.7%。然而，Rht12对千粒重（14.5%）和单株产量（20.6%）有显着的负面影响。另一方面，Rht-B1b使分蘖数减少了 19.6%，单株产量减少了 18.1%，而对收获指数没有负面影响。此外，Rht12和Rht-B1b降低了籽粒丰满度，但改善了几个籽粒品质性状。最终，Rht12和Rht-B1b提高了抗倒伏性，但对产量成分有一些负面影响，在小黑麦育种中需要仔细考虑。