We take a temporally dynamic perspective to present a model that explains the relations among work-family spillover (conflict and enrichment), work-family balance, and role satisfaction and performance over time. We posit that these relationships differ for two primary conceptualizations, balance satisfaction and effectiveness. We collect data using two samples, each with three time points. In Study 1 (N = 681), we test our hypotheses for balance satisfaction. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that bidirectional enrichment predicted subsequent job and family satisfaction, and in turn, balance satisfaction. Thus, enrichment appears to primarily initiate the balance satisfaction process as it unfolds over time. Contrary to common theoretical and practical assumptions, role satisfaction seems to drive balance satisfaction rather than the other way around. In Study 2 (N = 493), we test our hypotheses for balance satisfaction and balance effectiveness. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that conflict primarily initiated the balance effectiveness process where role performance and balance effectiveness operated in feedback cycles of mutual influence over time. Posthoc model tests are consistent with Study 1 in that work-to-family enrichment predicted job satisfaction and in turn, balance satisfaction. Collectively, these studies suggest that the processes involving balance satisfaction versus balance effectiveness have different primary originating factors (enrichment or conflict, respectfully) and different temporal sequencing with role satisfaction and performance (unidirectional vs. reciprocal, respectively), warranting distinct theoretical explanations. This program of research represents a comprehensive, theoretical explanation and temporal examination of work-family balance, setting the stage for a new phase of research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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平衡工作和家庭：关于其与溢出和角色功能关系的理论解释和纵向考察。

我们从时间动态的角度提出了一个模型，该模型解释了工作-家庭溢出（冲突和充实）、工作-家庭平衡以及角色满意度和绩效之间的关系。我们假设这些关系在两个主要概念上有所不同，即平衡满意度和有效性。我们使用两个样本收集数据，每个样本都有三个时间点。在研究 1 (N = 681) 中，我们检验了平衡满意度的假​​设。交叉滞后分析表明，双向丰富预测随后的工作和家庭满意度，进而平衡满意度。因此，随着时间的推移，丰富似乎主要启动了平衡满足过程。与常见的理论和实践假设相反，角色满意度似乎推动了平衡满意度，而不是相反。在研究 2 (N = 493) 中，我们检验了平衡满意度和平衡有效性的假设。交叉滞后分析表明，冲突主要引发了平衡有效性过程，其中角色绩效和平衡有效性随着时间的推移在相互影响的反馈循环中运行。事后模型测试与研究 1 一致，因为工作对家庭的丰富预测了工作满意度，进而平衡了满意度。总的来说，这些研究表明，涉及平衡满意度与平衡有效性的过程具有不同的主要起源因素（分别为丰富或冲突）以及角色满意度和绩效的不同时间顺序（分别为单向与互惠），需要不同的理论解释。该研究计划代表了对工作与家庭平衡的全面的理论解释和时间检验，为新的研究阶段奠定了基础。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。