Word reading is critical for reading development. However, it has long been debated on the processes involved in real word and pseudoword decoding in developmental dyslexia (DD). We conducted a meta-analysis of 28 neuroimaging studies (519 participants with DD, 562 typical readers, age range 5-63 years, female 37.65%, 382 foci, 64 experimental contrasts) using effect-size signed differential mapping. Individuals with DD compared with typical readers showed hypoactivity in the left-lateralized reading network, including the occipitotemporal regions, temporoparietal regions, and inferior frontal gyri (pars triangularis and pars opercularis), in real word and pseudoword decoding. In pseudoword compared with real word decoding, hypoactivity was more severely reduced in the inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis). Metaregression showed that no hypoactivity was associated with age in real word decoding, whereas in pseudoword decoding, hypoactivity in the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively associated with age and hypoactivity in the left inferior temporal gyrus was quadratically associated with age. Accommodating the connectionist triangle model, our findings demonstrate that DD may be associated with abnormalities in both the direct orthography-phonology and the indirect orthography-semantics-phonology pathways across real word and pseudoword decoding. Compared with real word decoding, pseudoword decoding in those with DD may be more associated with abnormalities in the indirect pathway. With development, abnormalities in both pathways seem stable in real word decoding. In pseudoword decoding, abnormalities in the indirect pathway become more severe initially but could be improved in later development; abnormalities in the direct pathway could be persistently becoming more severe with age. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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阅读真词与假词：发展性阅读障碍研究的荟萃分析。

单词阅读对于阅读发展至关重要。然而，长期以来，关于发育性阅读障碍（DD）中真实词和伪词解码的过程一直存在争议。我们使用效果大小符号差分映射对 28 项神经影像学研究（519 名 DD 参与者，562 名典型读者，年龄范围 5-63 岁，女性 37.65%，382 个病灶，64 个实验对比）进行了荟萃分析。与典型阅读者相比，DD 个体在实词和伪词解码中表现出左侧阅读网络活动低下，包括枕颞区、颞顶区和额下回（三角部和盖部）。与真词解码相比，伪词在额下回（鳃盖部）的活动减少更为严重。元回归表明，在实词解码中，没有活动减退与年龄相关，而在伪词解码中，左侧颞上回活动减少与年龄呈负相关，左侧颞下回活动减少与年龄呈二次相关。适应联结三角模型，我们的研究结果表明，DD 可能与跨真实词和伪词解码的直接正字法 - 音系和间接正字法 - 语义 - 音系通路的异常有关。与真实字解码相比，DD 患者的伪字解码可能与间接通路异常相关。随着发展，这两种途径的异常在实词解码中似乎是稳定的。在伪字解码中，间接途径的异常最初变得更加严重，但在以后的发展中可以得到改善；随着年龄的增长，直接通路的异常可能会持续变得更加严重。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2022 APA，保留所有权利）。