Ingenious microstructure design and rational composition selection are effective approaches to realize high-performance microwave absorbers, and the advancement of biomimetic manufacturing provides a new strategy. In nature, urchins are the animals without eyes but can “see”, because their special structure composed of regular spines and spherical photosensitive bodies “amplifies” the light-receiving ability. Herein, inspired by the above phenomenon, the biomimetic urchin-like Ti₃C₂T_x@ZnO hollow microspheres are rationally designed and fabricated, in which ZnO nanoarrays (length: ~ 2.3 μm, diameter: ~ 100 nm) as the urchin spines are evenly grafted onto the surface of the Ti₃C₂T_x hollow spheres (diameter: ~ 4.2 μm) as the urchin spherical photosensitive bodies. The construction of gradient impedance and hierarchical heterostructures enhance the attenuation of incident electromagnetic waves. And the EMW loss behavior is further revealed by limited integral simulation calculations, which fully highlights the advantages of the urchin-like architecture. As a result, the Ti₃C₂T_x@ZnO hollow spheres deliver a strong reflection loss of − 57.4 dB and broad effective absorption bandwidth of 6.56 GHz, superior to similar absorbents. This work provides a new biomimetic strategy for the design and manufacturing of advanced microwave absorbers.

巧妙的微观结构设计和合理的成分选择是实现高性能微波吸收体的有效途径，而仿生制造的进步提供了新的策略。在自然界中，海胆是没有眼睛却能“看见”的动物，因为它们由规则的刺和球形感光体组成的特殊结构“放大”了光接收能力。受上述现象的启发，合理设计并制备了仿生海胆状Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x @ZnO空心微球，其中ZnO纳米阵列（长度：~2.3 μm，直径：~100 nm）作为海胆刺均匀接枝到Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x空心球（直径：～4.2μm）表面作为海胆球形感光体。梯度阻抗和分层异质结构的构造增强了入射电磁波的衰减。并且通过有限的积分模拟计算进一步揭示了EMW损耗行为，充分凸显了urchin-like架构的优势。因此，Ti ₃ C ₂ T _x @ZnO 空心球具有 - 57.4 dB 的强反射损耗和 6.56 GHz 的宽有效吸收带宽，优于类似的吸收剂。这项工作为先进微波吸收器的设计和制造提供了一种新的仿生策略。