Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an emerging technology that has the potential to redefine healthcare sector around the world. It can perform proactively by ubiquitously monitoring human health. But its enormous scope is challenged by limited battery power of the sensors, energy and bandwidth.Moreover, the random motion of human beings makes sensor positioning difficult and restricts efficiently routing of critical health parameter values. State of the art protocols do not address the adverse effects of heating of the implanted sensors on human tissues along with energy constraints and interference issues simultaneously. This paper handles all these issues jointly by designing a topology which has an optimized number of relay nodes and then proposes an efficient routing algorithm. Relay nodes are incorporated to frame the backbone of the connected wireless network so that all sensor nodes are coupled with at least one relay node and none of the nodes in the network remain isolated. In the proposed method, the remaining energy of the in-vivo sensors are dissipated intelligently and homogeneously so that network lifetime is enhanced without compromising reliability. Moreover, in our method, multicasting has been used to reduce transmission of unnecessary packets. Our design also leads to minimum hop count from body sensors to the sink node. The effectiveness and feasibility of our proposed approach has been evaluated and analyzed through numerous simulations. The analysis illustrates the efficacy of the proposed solution in terms of delay, network lifetime, energy efficiency, SAR and throughput.

中文翻译：

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无线体域网中使用最佳中继节点数量的可靠路由以延长网络寿命

无线体域网 (WBAN) 是一项新兴技术，具有重新定义全球医疗保健行业的潜力。它可以通过无处不在的监测人类健康来主动执行。但其巨大的范围受到传感器电池功率、能量和带宽有限的挑战。此外，人类的随机运动使传感器定位变得困难，并限制了关键健康参数值的有效路由。最先进的协议没有同时解决植入传感器加热对人体组织的不利影响以及能量限制和干扰问题。本文通过设计具有优化的中继节点数量的拓扑来共同处理所有这些问题，然后提出一种有效的路由算法。中继节点被合并来构建连接的无线网络的主干网络，以便所有传感器节点都与至少一个中继节点耦合，并且网络中的任何节点都不会保持隔离。在所提出的方法中，体内传感器的剩余能量被智能且均匀地耗散，从而在不影响可靠性的情况下延长了网络寿命。此外，在我们的方法中，多播已被用于减少不必要数据包的传输。我们的设计还导致从身体传感器到接收节点的跳数最少。我们提出的方法的有效性和可行性已经通过大量模拟进行了评估和分析。分析说明了所提出的解决方案在延迟、网络寿命、能源效率、SAR 和吞吐量方面的功效。