The field of single-cell genomics and spatial technologies is rapidly evolving and has already provided unprecedented insights into complex tissues. Major advances have been made in dissecting the cellular composition and spatiotemporal interactions that mediate developmental processes in the fetal kidney. Single-cell technologies have also provided detailed insights into the heterogeneity of cell types within the healthy adult and shed light on the complex cellular mechanisms that contribute to kidney disease. The in-depth characterization of specific cell types associated with acute kidney injury and glomerular diseases has potential for the development of prognostic biomarkers and new therapeutics. Analyses of pathway activity in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma can predict the sensitivity of tumour cells to specific inhibitors. The identification of the cell of origin of renal cell carcinoma and of new cell types within the tumour microenvironment also has implications for the development of targeted therapeutics. Similarly, single-cell sequencing has provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying kidney fibrosis, specifically our understanding of myofibroblast origins and the contribution of cell crosstalk within the fibrotic niche to disease progression. These and future studies will enable the creation of a map to aid our understanding of the cellular processes and interactions in the developing, healthy and diseased kidney.

单细胞基因组学和空间技术领域正在迅速发展，并且已经为复杂组织提供了前所未有的洞察力。在剖析介导胎儿肾脏发育过程的细胞组成和时空相互作用方面取得了重大进展。单细胞技术还提供了对健康成人细胞类型异质性的详细见解，并阐明了导致肾脏疾病的复杂细胞机制。对与急性肾损伤和肾小球疾病相关的特定细胞类型的深入表征具有开发预后生物标志物和新疗法的潜力。分析透明细胞肾细胞癌中的通路活性可以预测肿瘤细胞对特定抑制剂的敏感性。鉴定肾细胞癌的起源细胞和肿瘤微环境中的新细胞类型也对靶向治疗的发展有影响。同样，单细胞测序为肾纤维化的潜在机制提供了新的见解，特别是我们对肌成纤维细胞起源的理解以及纤维化生态位内细胞串扰对疾病进展的贡献。这些和未来的研究将能够创建一个地图，以帮助我们理解发育中的、健康的和患病的肾脏中的细胞过程和相互作用。单细胞测序为肾纤维化的潜在机制提供了新的见解，特别是我们对肌成纤维细胞起源的理解以及纤维化生态位内细胞串扰对疾病进展的贡献。这些和未来的研究将能够创建一个地图，以帮助我们理解发育中的、健康的和患病的肾脏中的细胞过程和相互作用。单细胞测序为肾纤维化的潜在机制提供了新的见解，特别是我们对肌成纤维细胞起源的理解以及纤维化生态位内细胞串扰对疾病进展的贡献。这些和未来的研究将能够创建一个地图，以帮助我们理解发育中的、健康的和患病的肾脏中的细胞过程和相互作用。