In Southern Brazil, caívas, agroforestry systems within patches of Araucaria Forest that include cattle production, have been used historically throughout the region. Despite their importance for biodiversity conservation, this system is being progressively replaced with high-yield agricultural crops, resulting in forest loss. However, such a loss of native vegetation could be avoided by developing appropriate technologies to optimize production and conservation, thus making caívas more attractive to farmers. This research tested two alternatives to traditional caíva (TC) management to identify strategies to increase pasture yield while also maintaining forest regeneration potential. The two alternative strategies are: (1) winter overseeding of cultivated pasture on natural pasture (WOC); (2) replacing natural pasture with giant missionary perennial pasture (GMC). The experiment was conducted in eight caívas, from October 2014 to February 2017. Pasture yield was evaluated monthly, and soils were analyzed at the beginning and end of the experiment. Richness and density of forest regeneration were also assessed through surveys carried out every six months in all plots. Results show that both alternative strategies were effective in increasing pasture yield, pH, and base saturation in soil. Further, these alternatives showed no impact on the total organic carbon content in the soil or on forest seedling diversity and richness, but with TCs showing a higher rate of forest regeneration. These results indicate how research that develops strategies to optimize use can help to improve traditional productive systems, preserving their social, economic, and environmental importance for communities.

在巴西南部，caívas是南洋杉林中的混农林业系统，包括养牛，历史上已在整个地区使用。尽管它们对生物多样性保护很重要，但该系统正逐渐被高产农作物取代，导致森林损失。然而，通过开发适当的技术来优化生产和保护，可以避免这种原生植被的损失，从而使卡瓦斯对农民更具吸引力。这项研究测试了传统caíva的两种替代品(TC) 管理，以确定提高牧场产量同时保持森林再生潜力的策略。两种替代策略是：（1）在天然牧场（WOC）上进行人工牧场的冬季播种；（2）用巨型传教多年生牧场（GMC）代替天然牧场。该实验是在八个caívas中进行的，从 2014 年 10 月到 2017 年 2 月。每月评估牧场产量，并在实验开始和结束时分析土壤。还通过每六个月对所有地块进行的调查评估了森林更新的丰富度和密度。结果表明，这两种替代策略都可以有效地提高牧草产量、pH 值和土壤中的碱饱和度。此外，这些替代方案对土壤中的总有机碳含量或对森林幼苗多样性和丰富度没有影响，但 TC 显示出更高的森林更新率。这些结果表明，制定优化使用策略的研究如何有助于改善传统的生产系统，保持其对社区的社会、经济和环境重要性。