Droop control, inertia control, and PD control are three typical frequency response (FR) strategies of grid-tied inverters interfaced renewable energy sources (RES) to restrain the power system frequency indicators, i.e., frequency deviation ( Δω\Delta \omega ) and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). Due to the highly limited inverter capacity, the FR performance in power systems with high RES penetration should be optimized. To this end, this paper first analyzes the impact of high-penetration renewable energy injection on power system frequency stability, and derives the system frequency expressions in the absence of an FR scheme, and in the presence of droop/inertia/PD controls that are representative for various virtual synchronous generator-based FR schemes. Under the same constraint of available FR capacity, control parameter ranges of these FR schemes are obtained, and their optimal conditions for restraining the maxima of Δω\Delta \omega and RoCoF are identified and compared analytically. Comparison conclusions are finally proved by the provided experiment and simulation results.

中文翻译：

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可再生能源高渗透电力系统典型频率响应策略的性能比较


下垂控制、惯性控制和PD控制是并网逆变器连接可再生能源（RES）的三种典型频率响应（FR）策略，用于抑制电力系统频率指标，即频率偏差（ Δω\Delta \omega ）和频率变化率 (RoCoF)。由于逆变器容量高度有限，高RES渗透率电力系统中的FR性能应进行优化。为此，本文首先分析了高比例可再生能源注入对电力系统频率稳定性的影响，并推导了在没有FR方案和存在下垂/惯性/PD控制的情况下的系统频率表达式：代表各种基于虚拟同步发电机的 FR 方案。在相同的FR可用容量约束下，得到了这些FR方案的控制参数范围，并分析比较了它们抑制Δω\Delta omega和RoCoF最大值的最佳条件。最后通过所提供的实验和仿真结果证明了比较结论。