In this paper, a distributed frequency divider is proposed to estimate power system bus frequency with a limited number of PMUs while considering the inertial contributions from double-fed induction generators (DFIGs). The key idea is to reformulate the original frequency divider by modeling the contributions of DFIGs with inertia emulation and external regional power system through Thevenin equivalents. The distributed frequency divider is general and able to estimate local bus frequencies in a distributed manner. Besides, only the knowledge of the rotor speeds of synchronous generator, boundary bus frequencies and terminal bus frequencies of DFIGs as well as the admittance matrix are required to estimate the frequencies at all buses. This is drastically different from existing approaches that require system observability by PMUs to monitor all bus frequencies. Numerical results carried out on the IEEE 39-bus and modified 118-bus power systems with DFIGs demonstrate and effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

中文翻译：

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考虑双馈虚拟惯性的电力系统母线频率在线估计的分布式分频器

在本文中，提出了一种分布式分频器来估计具有有限数量的 PMU 的电力系统总线频率，同时考虑来自双馈感应发电机 (DFIG) 的惯性贡献。关键思想是通过戴维南等价物对具有惯性仿真和外部区域电力系统的 DFIG 的贡献进行建模，从而重新制定原始分频器。分布式分频器是通用的并且能够以分布式方式估计本地总线频率。此外，只需要了解同步发电机的转子速度、双馈电机的边界母线频率和终端母线频率以及导纳矩阵来估计所有母线的频率。这与需要 PMU 可观察系统以监控所有总线频率的现有方法截然不同。在 IEEE 39 总线和带有 DFIG 的修改后的 118 总线电力系统上进行的数值结果证明了所提出方法的有效性和鲁棒性。