The CLLC DC-DC converter offers highly efficient DC voltage conversion for the highly renewable penetrated system. The modeling significantly influences the performance of CLLC DC-DC converters. However, both the current FHA-based and time-domain analysis methods are incapable to incorporate different switching frequencies and load conditions. Moreover, due to the inevitable non-monotonic voltage gain, the PI controller with these models leads to the uncontrolled steady-state voltage deviation. As a novel modeling method, deep learning implicitly builds extensively accurate and arbitrary mappings, which can solve the aforementioned modeling problems. This paper proposes an adaptive steady-state modeling method for the CLLC converter based on deep learning. Precise voltage gain can be provided over a wide range of switching frequencies and load conditions. Besides, a fast control strategy based on the proposed modeling method is developed. This strategy searches the optimal operating point using particle swarm optimization, which rapidly adjusts voltage gain and suppresses the steady-state voltage deviation even in non-monotonic situations. Finally, a 400V/300V, 2.4kW SiC-based CLLC converter prototype with distributed heterogeneous controllers is implemented to verify the proposed methods. The experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed adaptive modeling and the effectiveness of the fast control strategy. The proposed method improves the stability and extends the operating range of the CLLC converter, which benefits the development of highly renewable penetrated systems.

中文翻译：

---

高度可再生渗透系统中 CLLC DC-DC 转换器的基于自适应深度学习的稳态建模和快速控制策略


CLLC DC-DC 转换器为高度可再生渗透系统提供高效的直流电压转换。该建模显着影响 CLLC DC-DC 转换器的性能。然而，当前基于 FHA 的方法和时域分析方法都无法纳入不同的开关频率和负载条件。此外，由于不可避免的非单调电压增益，使用这些模型的PI控制器会导致不受控制的稳态电压偏差。作为一种新颖的建模方法，深度学习隐式地构建了广泛准确且任意的映射，可以解决上述建模问题。本文提出一种基于深度学习的CLLC变换器自适应稳态建模方法。可以在各种开关频率和负载条件下提供精确的电压增益。此外，还开发了基于所提出的建模方法的快速控制策略。该策略利用粒子群优化来搜索最佳工作点，即使在非单调情况下也能快速调整电压增益并抑制稳态电压偏差。最后，实现了具有分布式异构控制器的 400V/300V、2.4kW 基于 SiC 的 CLLC 转换器原型来验证所提出的方法。实验结果表明了所提出的自适应建模的准确性和快速控制策略的有效性。该方法提高了 CLLC 转换器的稳定性并扩展了工作范围，有利于高度可再生渗透系统的发展。