Introduction: Pneumonia is a serious complication following hip fracture surgery in older people. However, the prevalence and risk factors of postoperative pneumonia (POP) are not well-established. This study identified pre- and peri-operative factors associated with the development of POP following hip fracture surgery.Methods: We searched the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Embase databases for relevant articles published up to June 2021. Studies involving older patients who underwent hip fracture surgery were considered if they detailed the demographic or surgical characteristics of the participants. For all analyses, the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.Results: A total of 24 studies (288819 participants) were included. The overall prevalence of POP following hip fracture surgery was 5.0%. There were 36 risk factors for POP, and the meta-analysis included the five most common: delayed surgery (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.29-2.63), low serum albumin (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: .82-6.73), chronic respiratory diseases (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.82-3.24), increased age (OR: 1.25, 95% CI:1.11-1.40), and male sex (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 2.00-2.47).Conclusions: The prevalence of POP was 5.0% following hip fracture surgery in the elderly. Older age, male sex, chronic respiratory diseases, delayed surgery, and low serum albumin were significant risk factors. Clinicians treating hip fracture patients must remain be aware of these risk factors.

中文翻译：

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老年人髋部骨折术后肺炎的危险因素：系统评价和荟萃分析

简介：肺炎是老年人髋部骨折手术后的严重并发症。然而，术后肺炎（POP）的患病率和危险因素尚不明确。本研究确定了与髋部骨折手术后 POP 发展相关的术前和围手术期因素。方法：我们在 Cochrane 图书馆、PubMed 和 Embase 数据库中搜索了截至 2021 年 6 月发表的相关文章。涉及接受髋部骨折手术的老年患者的研究如果详细说明了参与者的人口统计学或手术特征，则被考虑在内。对于所有分析，计算汇总优势比 (OR) 和 95% 置信区间 (95% CI)。结果：共纳入 24 项研究（288819 名参与者）。髋部骨折手术后 POP 的总体患病率为 5.0%。POP有36个危险因素，荟萃分析包括五个最常见的：手术延迟（OR：1.84，95% CI：1.29-2.63），低血清白蛋白（OR：2.34，95% CI：0.82- 6.73)、慢性呼吸道疾病 (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.82-3.24)、年龄增加 (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.11-1.40) 和男性 (OR: 2.22, 95% CI: 2.00- 2.47)。结论：老年人髋部骨折手术后 POP 的发生率为 5.0%。年龄较大、男性、慢性呼吸道疾病、手术延迟和血清白蛋白低是显着的危险因素。治疗髋部骨折患者的临床医生必须时刻注意这些风险因素。