Tree peony is a famous ornamental plant, while the low propagation rate is the main hurdles hindering the industry development. Till now, the highly efficient regeneration system for tree peony is not established. In this study, using Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ mature embryos, the effects of variations in inoculation method, initiating culture, adventitious shoot induction, rooting media, plant growth regulators (PGRs), and a non-conventional PGR (plant extracts) on regeneration from explants were evaluated. In embryo cultures, embryonic callus induction rate of 1/4 embryos was the highest among those of embryos with other three technical treatments (whole embryos, 1/2 embryos, and pieces of embryos). The woody plant medium (WPM) containing 1.0 mg • L ^− 1 6-BA, 0.5 mg • L ^− 1 GA₃, 30.0 g • L ^− 1 sucrose, and 3.0 g • L ^− 1 phytagel significantly improved shoot induction and multiplication. 3.0 mg • L ^− 1 plant extracts promoted hypocotyl germination, rooting, and root growth, in direct embryo culture, and a combination of 3.0 mg • L ^− 1 plant extracts + 2.0 mg • L ^− 1 IBA + 1.5 mg • L ^− 1 IAA produced optimal rooting induction rate for multiple shoots in direct embryo culture and indirect somatic embryogenesis. For the three in vitro micropropagation methods, the highest shoot proliferation coefficient (5.4 ± 0.2) was obtained with indirect somatic embryogenesis. Fortunately, the propagation ability of shoots remains high, even when culture propagation was continued for more than two years. Thus, a reliable system for plant regeneration from mature embryos derived from P. ostii ‘Fengdan’ callus and two direct embryo culture systems have been established. The novel regeneration system could facilitate uniform seedling production.

牡丹是著名的观赏植物，繁殖率低是制约产业发展的主要障碍。目前尚未建立高效的牡丹再生体系。在这项研究中，使用Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' 成熟胚，接种方法、起始培养、不定芽诱导、生根培养基、植物生长调节剂 (PGR) 和非常规 PGR（植物提取物）对再生的影响来自外植体的进行了评估。在胚培养中，1/4胚的愈伤组织诱导率在其他3种技术处理的胚（全胚、1/2胚、片胚）中最高。木本植物培养基（WPM）含1.0 mg•L  ^{−  1} 6-BA、0.5 mg•L ^{−  1} GA ₃、30.0 g • L  ^{−  1}蔗糖和3.0 g • L  ^{−  1} phytagel 显着改善芽诱导和增殖。3.0 mg • L  ^{−  1植物提取物在直接胚胎培养中促进下胚轴萌发、生根和根生长，以及 3.0 mg • L −  1}植物提取物 + 2.0 mg • L  ^{−  1} IBA + 1.5 mg • L  ^{−  1}的组合 IAA 在直接胚胎培养和间接体细胞胚胎发生中为多个芽产生最佳生根诱导率。对于三体外在微繁殖方法中，最高的芽增殖系数 (5.4 ± 0.2) 是通过间接体细胞胚胎发生获得的。幸运的是，芽的繁殖能力仍然很高，即使培养繁殖持续了两年多。因此，建立了一个可靠的植物再生系统，用于从P. ostii 'Fengdan' 愈伤组织衍生的成熟胚胎中再生植物，并建立了两个直接胚胎培养系统。新型再生系统可以促进均匀的幼苗生产。