Effective antiretroviral treatment has increased the life expectancy of people living with HIV, and currently, the challenges of prominent importance appear to be mental health issues. This preregistered study among adults living with HIV/AIDS investigated the effectiveness of a brief self-affirmation intervention framed in terms of if–then plans (i.e. self-affirming implementation intentions [S-AII]) against both active and non-active control conditions, forming non-affirming implementation intentions and mere goal intentions, respectively. The primary outcomes were defined as a reduction of depressive symptoms and enhancement of well-being, along with secondary outcomes as positive other- and self-directed feelings. A total of 162 individuals were assessed for eligibility, and 130 (aged 18–74 years) were randomized to the study conditions. Intervention effects were estimated through intention-to-treat analysis, using linear mixed models. The S-AII intervention yielded improvements in overall well-being over 2 weeks (d = .23), primarily driven by positive changes in emotional (d = .24) and social (d = .30) dimensions of well-being. There were no significant differences in depression or secondary outcomes. Based on a minimal clinically important difference index, the S-AII intervention resulted in improvement in well-being in approximately 40 percent of participants. Nevertheless, further systematic research is needed to optimize self-affirmation-interventions, before their application in real-life contexts.

中文翻译：

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提高 HIV/AIDS 患者的幸福感和减轻抑郁症状：基于 if-then 计划和自我肯定认知的干预

有效的抗逆转录病毒治疗增加了艾滋病毒感染者的预期寿命，目前，最重要的挑战似乎是心理健康问题。这项在 HIV/AIDS 感染者中进行的预先注册研究调查了针对主动和非主动控制条件的根据 if-then 计划（即自我肯定实施意图 [S-AII]）框架的简短自我肯定干预的有效性，分别形成不肯定的实施意图和单纯的目标意图。主要结果被定义为抑郁症状的减少和幸福感的提高，次要结果被定义为积极的他人和自我导向的感觉。共有 162 人接受了资格评估，130 人（年龄 18-74 岁）被随机分配到研究条件。使用线性混合模型通过意向治疗分析估计干预效果。S-AII 干预在 2 周内改善了整体幸福感（d  = .23），主要由幸福感的情感（d  = .24）和社会（d  = .30）维度的积极变化驱动。抑郁症或次要结局没有显着差异。基于最小的临床重要差异指数，S-AII 干预导致大约 40% 的参与者的幸福感得到改善。然而，在将自我肯定干预应用于现实生活之前，还需要进一步的系统研究来优化自我肯定干预。